The KeyStore API abstractly and the JKS format concretely has two kinds of entries relevant to SSL/TLS: the privateKey entry for a server contains the privatekey and the cert chain (leaf and intermediate (s) and usually root) all under one alias; trustedCert entries (if any) contain certs for other parties, usually CAs, each under a different alias For a list of possible interpreter options, enter java -h or java -X at the command line. Share Improve this answer Follow answered Apr 17, 2013 at 14:08 Nickolay Olshevsky 13.5k 1 33 47 Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies of this site When a port is not specified, the standard HTTPS port 443 is assumed. Use the -genkeypair command to generate a key pair (a public key and associated private key). Specify this value as true when a password must be specified by way of a protected authentication path, such as a dedicated PIN reader. localityName: The locality (city) name. Running keytool only is the same as keytool -help. Used with the -addprovider or -providerclass option to represent an optional string input argument for the constructor of class name. Java PKCS12,java,keystore,keytool,pkcs#12,Java,Keystore,Keytool,Pkcs#12,JavaPKCS12keytool keytool -genkeypair -alias senderKeyPair -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 \ -dname "CN=Baeldung" -validity 365 -storetype PKCS12 \ -keystore sender_keystore.p12 -storepass changeit Java . When len is omitted, the resulting value is ca:true. Make sure that the displayed certificate fingerprints match the expected fingerprints. If a password is not provided, then the user is prompted for it. When there is no value, the extension has an empty value field. Entity: An entity is a person, organization, program, computer, business, bank, or something else you are trusting to some degree. Ensure that the displayed certificate fingerprints match the expected ones. Import the Root certificate 3. Version 2 certificates arent widely used. If the -v option is specified, then the certificate is printed in human-readable format, with additional information such as the owner, issuer, serial number, and any extensions. If, besides the -ext honored option, another named or OID -ext option is provided, this extension is added to those already honored. The value of -startdate specifies the issue time of the certificate, also known as the "Not Before" value of the X.509 certificate's Validity field. Passwords can be specified on the command line in the -storepass and -keypass options. If a key password is not provided, then the -storepass (if provided) is attempted first. The option can be used in -genkeypair and -gencert to embed extensions into the generated certificate, or in -certreq to show what extensions are requested in the certificate request. The two most applicable entry types for the keytool command include the following: Key entries: Each entry holds very sensitive cryptographic key information, which is stored in a protected format to prevent unauthorized access. The top-level (root) CA certificate is self-signed. {-addprovider name [-providerarg arg]}: Adds a security provider by name (such as SunPKCS11) with an optional configure argument. In some cases, the CA returns a chain of certificates, each one authenticating the public key of the signer of the previous certificate in the chain. If the -rfc option is specified, then the certificate is output in the printable encoding format. A special name honored, used only in -gencert, denotes how the extensions included in the certificate request should be honored. If required the Unlock Entry dialog will be displayed. When you import a certificate reply, the certificate reply is validated with trusted certificates from the keystore, and optionally, the certificates configured in the cacerts keystore file when the -trustcacerts option is specified. The -Joption argument can appear for any command. Before you consider adding the certificate to your list of trusted certificates, you can execute a -printcert command to view its fingerprints, as follows: View the certificate first with the -printcert command or the -importcert command without the -noprompt option. If the keytool command cant recover the private keys or secret keys from the source keystore, then it prompts you for a password. Use the -genseckey command to generate a secret key and store it in a new KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry identified by alias. If the reply is a PKCS #7 formatted certificate chain or a sequence of X.509 certificates, then the chain is ordered with the user certificate first followed by zero or more CA certificates. Option values must be enclosed in quotation marks when they contain a blank (space). The cacerts keystore ships with a set of root certificates issued by the CAs of the Oracle Java Root Certificate program. The old chain can only be replaced with a valid keypass, and so the password used to protect the private key of the entry is supplied. Lets start with the manual check: 1 keytool -list -v -keystore my.certificate.chain.jks | grep -A 1 "Owner" This command will list all certifications (and keys) Owner (CN) and Issuer (CN) something like this: Owner: CN=app.tankmin.se, OU=Secure Link SSL, OU=Tankmin If NONE is specified as the URL, then a null stream is passed to the KeyStore.load method. In many cases, this is a self-signed certificate, which is a certificate from the CA authenticating its own public key, and the last certificate in the chain. The issuer of the certificate vouches for this, by signing the certificate. You can find an example configuration template with all options on GitHub. country: Two-letter country code. The passphrase may be supplied via the standard input stream; otherwise the user is prompted for it. {-providerclass class [-providerarg arg]}: Add security provider by fully qualified class name with an optional configure argument. In that case, the first certificate in the chain is returned. Issuer name: The X.500 Distinguished Name of the entity that signed the certificate. Keystore implementations are provider-based. The keytool command can handle both types of entries, while the jarsigner tool only handles the latter type of entry, that is private keys and their associated certificate chains. The subject is the entity whose public key is being authenticated by the certificate. {-startdate date}: Certificate validity start date and time. If the -trustcacerts option was specified, then additional certificates are considered for the chain of trust, namely the certificates in a file named cacerts. However, it isnt necessary to have all the subcomponents. If the public key in the certificate reply matches the user's public key already stored with alias, then the old certificate chain is replaced with the new certificate chain in the reply. If you press the Enter key at the prompt, then the key password is set to the same password that is used for the -keystore. The user then has the option of stopping the import operation. If a trust chain cant be established, then the certificate reply isnt imported. Once logged in, navigate to the Servers tab from the top menu bar and choose your target server on which your desired application/website is deployed. X.509 Version 2 introduced the concept of subject and issuer unique identifiers to handle the possibility of reuse of subject or issuer names over time. Click System in the left pane. One way that clients can authenticate you is by importing your public key certificate into their keystore as a trusted entry. For such commands, when the -storepass option isnt provided at the command line, the user is prompted for it. The security properties file is called java.security, and resides in the security properties directory: Oracle Solaris, Linux, and macOS: java.home/lib/security. For example, most third-party tools require storepass and keypass in a PKCS #12 keystore to be the same. The -help command is the default. X.509 Version 1 has been available since 1988, is widely deployed, and is the most generic. A different reply format (defined by the PKCS #7 standard) includes the supporting certificate chain in addition to the issued certificate. Create a Self-Signed Certificate. This imports all entries from the source keystore, including keys and certificates, to the destination keystore with a single command. The cacerts file represents a system-wide keystore with CA certificates. The rest of the examples assume that you executed the -genkeypair command without specifying options, and that you responded to the prompts with values equal to those specified in the first -genkeypair command. In Linux: Open the csr file in a text editor. You use the keytool command and options to manage a keystore (database) of cryptographic keys, X.509 certificate chains, and trusted certificates. Validity period: Each certificate is valid only for a limited amount of time. Step 1: Upload SSL files. file: Retrieve the password from the file named argument. Other than standard hexadecimal numbers (0-9, a-f, A-F), any extra characters are ignored in the HEX string. Some commands require a private/secret key password. The following are the available options for the -printcrl command: Use the -printcrl command to read the Certificate Revocation List (CRL) from -file crl . This certificate chain is constructed by using the certificate reply and trusted certificates available either in the keystore where you import the reply or in the cacerts keystore file. Subject name: The name of the entity whose public key the certificate identifies. C:> keytool -list -keystore .keystore (If keytool does not run from the directory you are in you will need to fix your Environment variables for JAVA, since Keytool is a JAVA app. A certificate is a digitally signed statement from one entity (person, company, and so on), which says that the public key (and some other information) of some other entity has a particular value. What I have found is if you create the CSR from the existing keystore you can just replace the certificate. You can generate one using the keytool command syntax mentioned above. There are many public Certification Authorities, such as DigiCert, Comodo, Entrust, and so on. For example, you can use the alias duke to generate a new public/private key pair and wrap the public key into a self-signed certificate with the following command. How do request a SSL cert for reissuing if we lost the private key? Where: tomcat is the actual alias of your keystore. If the -srcalias option isnt provided, then all entries in the source keystore are imported into the destination keystore. When name is OID, the value is the hexadecimal dumped Definite Encoding Rules (DER) encoding of the extnValue for the extension excluding the OCTET STRING type and length bytes. Since Java 9, though, the default keystore format is PKCS12.The biggest difference between JKS and PKCS12 is that JKS is a format specific to Java, while PKCS12 is a standardized and language-neutral way of storing . Intro. Console. Java provides a relatively simple command-line tool, called keytool, which can easily create a "self-signed" Certificate. At the bottom of the chain is the certificate (reply) issued by the CA authenticating the subject's public key. The CSR is stored in the-file file. Use the -certreq command to generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) using the PKCS #10 format. The following are the available options for the -storepasswd command: {-providerclass class [-providerarg arg]}: Add security provider by fully qualified class name with an optional configure argument. It then uses the keystore implementation from that provider.The KeyStore class defines a static method named getDefaultType that lets applications retrieve the value of the keystore.type property. The following are the available options for the -importcert command: {-trustcacerts}: Trust certificates from cacerts, {-protected}: Password is provided through protected mechanism. This sample command imports the certificate (s) in the file jcertfile.cer and stores it in the keystore entry identified by the alias joe. This may not be perfect, but I had some notes on my use of keytool that I've modified for your scenario. The destination entry is protected with the source entry password. If the certificate reply is a certificate chain, then you need the top certificate of the chain. Requesting a Signed Certificate from a CA, Importing the Certificate Reply from the CA, Exporting a Certificate That Authenticates the Public Key, Generating Certificates for an SSL Server. Interesting to note that keytool creates a chain for your certificate itself when it finds the signers' certificates in the keystore (under any alias). Otherwise, the one from the certificate request is used. I mport the certificate chain by using the following command: keytool -importcert -keystore $CATALINA_HOME/conf/keystore.p12 -trustcacerts -alias tomcat -keypass <truststore_password> -storepass <truststore_password> -file <certificatefilename> -storetype PKCS12 -providername JsafeJCE -keyalg RSA Copy Certificates were invented as a solution to this public key distribution problem. This option doesnt contain any spaces. Users should be aware that some combinations of extensions (and other certificate fields) may not conform to the Internet standard. If the destination alias already exists in the destination keystore, then the user is prompted either to overwrite the entry or to create a new entry under a different alias name. stateName: State or province name. However, a password shouldnt be specified on a command line or in a script unless it is for testing, or you are on a secure system. Certificates are used to secure transport-layer traffic (node-to-node communication within your cluster) and REST-layer traffic (communication between a client and a node within your cluster). Creating a Self-Signed Certificate. The keytool command also enables users to administer secret keys and passphrases used in symmetric encryption and decryption (Data Encryption Standard). You can then export the certificate and supply it to your clients. certificate.p7b is the actual name/path to your certificate file. For example, suppose someone sends or emails you a certificate that you put it in a file named /tmp/cert. keytool -list -v -keystore new.keystore -storepass keystorepw If it imported properly, you should see the full certificate chain here. For example, an Elliptic Curve name. The following are the available options for the -importpass command: Use the -importpass command to import a passphrase and store it in a new KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry identified by -alias. See the code snippet in Sign a JAR file using AWS CloudHSM and Jarsigner for instruction on using Java code to verify the certificate chain. Note: All other options that require passwords, such as -keypass, -srckeypass, -destkeypass, -srcstorepass, and -deststorepass, accept the env and file modifiers. Save the file with a .cer extension (for example, chain.cer) or you can just simply click the Chain cert file button on the . The keytool command can import X.509 v1, v2, and v3 certificates, and PKCS#7 formatted certificate chains consisting of certificates of that type. You use the keytool command and options to manage a keystore (database) of cryptographic keys, X.509 certificate chains, and trusted certificates. With the certificate and the signed JAR file, a client can use the jarsigner command to authenticate your signature. This certificate chain and the private key are stored in a new keystore entry that is identified by its alias. For the certificate chain to be verifiable, you may need to add the CA certificate and intermediate certificates to the AWS CloudHSM key store. The keytool command also enables users to cache the public keys (in the form of certificates) of their communicating peers. For example, CN, cn, and Cn are all treated the same. The following are the available options for the -gencert command: {-rfc}: Output in RFC (Request For Comment) style, {-alias alias}: Alias name of the entry to process, {-sigalg sigalg}: Signature algorithm name, {-startdate startdate}: Certificate validity start date and time, {-validity days}: Validity number of days. Use the -printcert command to read and print the certificate from -file cert_file, the SSL server located -sslserver server[:port], or the signed JAR file specified by -jarfile JAR_file. When a file is not specified, the certificate is output to stdout. This period is described by a start date and time and an end date and time, and can be as short as a few seconds or almost as long as a century. The -exportcert command by default outputs a certificate in binary encoding, but will instead output a certificate in the printable encoding format, when the -rfc option is specified. If you used the jarsigner command to sign a Java Archive (JAR) file, then clients that use the file will want to authenticate your signature. Thus far, three versions are defined. Using the Java Keytool, run the following command to create the keystore with a self-signed certificate: keytool -genkey \ -alias somealias \ -keystore keystore.p12 \ -storetype PKCS12 \ -keyalg RSA \ -storepass somepass \ -validity 730 \ -keysize 4096 Keystore generation option breakdown: Keytool genkey options for PKCS12 keystore The password that is used to protect the integrity of the keystore. The first certificate in the chain contains the public key that corresponds to the private key. Now, log in to the Cloudways Platform. System administrators can configure and manage that file with the keytool command by specifying jks as the keystore type. Alternatively, you can use the -keysize or -sigalg options to override the default values at your own risk. Import the Site certificate To determine the Root, Intermediate, and Site certificate 1. That is, there is a corresponding abstract KeystoreSpi class, also in the java.security package, which defines the Service Provider Interface methods that providers must implement. Subsequent keytool commands must use this same alias to refer to the entity. When the -srcalias option is provided, the command imports the single entry identified by the alias to the destination keystore. For compatibility reasons, the SunPKCS11 and OracleUcrypto providers can still be loaded with -providerclass sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11 and -providerclass com.oracle.security.crypto.UcryptoProvider even if they are now defined in modules. To install the Entrust Chain/Intermediate Certificate, complete the following steps: 1. For example. Next, click www located at the right-hand side of the server box. The -sigalg value specifies the algorithm that should be used to sign the certificate. keytool -certreq -alias <cert_alias> -file <CSR.csr> -keystore <keystore_name.jks>. If the chain ends with a self-signed root CA certificate and the -trustcacerts option was specified, the keytool command attempts to match it with any of the trusted certificates in the keystore or the cacerts keystore file. These are the only modules included in JDK that need a configuration, and therefore the most widely used with the -providerclass option. The -keypass value is a password that protects the secret key. For more information on the JKS storetype, see the KeyStore Implementation section in KeyStore aliases. All you do is import the new certificate using the same alias as the old one. This information is used in numerous ways. An alias is specified when you add an entity to the keystore with the -genseckey command to generate a secret key, the -genkeypair command to generate a key pair (public and private key), or the -importcert command to add a certificate or certificate chain to the list of trusted certificates. Installing SSL Certificate Chain (Root, Intermediate (s), PTA Server certificates): Generating the key pair created a self-signed certificate; however, a certificate is more likely to be trusted by others when it is signed by a CA. The only multiple-valued option supported now is the -ext option used to generate X.509v3 certificate extensions. If the -new option isnt provided at the command line, then the user is prompted for it. Later, after a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) was generated with the -certreq command and sent to a Certification Authority (CA), the response from the CA is imported with -importcert, and the self-signed certificate is replaced by a chain of certificates. When-rfc is specified, the keytool command prints the certificate in PEM mode as defined by the Internet RFC 1421 Certificate Encoding standard. See the -certreq command in Commands for Generating a Certificate Request. Remember to separate the password option and the modifier with a colon (:). If you access a Bing Maps API from a Java application via SSL and you do not . In this case, the keytool command doesnt print the certificate and prompt the user to verify it, because it is very difficult for a user to determine the authenticity of the certificate reply. These refer to the subject's common name (CN), organizational unit (OU), organization (O), and country (C). The keytool command works on any file-based keystore implementation. Similarly, if the -keystore ks_file option is specified but ks_file doesnt exist, then it is created. It generates a public/private key pair for the entity whose distinguished name is myname , mygroup , mycompany , and a two-letter country code of mycountry. The CA authenticates the certificate requestor (usually offline) and returns a certificate or certificate chain to replace the existing certificate chain (initially a self-signed certificate) in the keystore. java.home is the runtime environment directory, which is the jre directory in the JDK or the top-level directory of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). Signature algorithm identifier: This identifies the algorithm used by the CA to sign the certificate. 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