Coulomb's law underlies much of atomic physics. NpC+\}7^4f]z? +LonUFFC U\"(B!ceP?o This Site has been carefully prepared for your visit, and we ask you to honour and agree to the following terms and conditions when using this Site. Calculate the magnitude of the force (in N) between a gold nucleus and an electron on an orbit with radius 4.97 times 10^{-12} m around the nucleus. It has 54 protons and charge q = +54e. For more information on the Visual Elements image see the Uses and properties section below. Which force is stronger? It is also the major material from which other synthetic transuranium elements are made. . What is the approximate amu of each particle? 1 answer; math; asked by brandi; 441 views; In a controlled chain reaction, for every three neutrons released by a uranium-235 nucleus, one is absorbed into . Most questions answered within 4 hours. Protons :Protons are subatomic particles that, together with neutrons, form the nucleus of an atom. The nucleus of an atom has a radius of 5.61 x 10^-15 m. If the nucleus contains 45 protons, how many neutrons does the nucleus contain? Electric charge is conserved in a closed system. The size of the nucleus in Rutherford's model of the atom is about 1.00 fm. The units is in Coulombs so I figured since they were asking for the charge of just the nucleus then it would be 86 protons times -1.6x10^-19 C. But that didn't work, I've tried every answer I can think of but it isn't working. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. Nuclear fission was discovered in December 1938 by chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann and physicists Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch.Fission is a nuclear reaction or radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei and often other particles. What is the total charge of the uranium nucleus? Neutral atoms, of course, have zero charge. What is the radius of this nucleus? Well, the answer's Erbium and you can hear all about it in next week's Chemistry in its element. At the instant the alpha particle leaves the nucleus, the centers of the two are 6.5fm apart and essen, An atomic nucleus consists of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, so the electrostatic repulsion should destroy it by making the protons fly apart. i mainly want to know how to find the number of electrons. (c) Wh. Hence, the number of protons = {eq}1.2 \times 6.022\times 10^{23} Check out 40 similar electromagnetism calculators , Acceleration of a particle in an electric field. The metal has the desirable ability to self-sharpen as it pierces a target, rather than mushrooming upon impact the way conventional tungsten carbide tipped weapons do. As the crystals caught the light from the new fluorescent lights hanging from the ceiling, the pink colour seemed to deepen and brighten up. Not until fifty two years later did Eugne Melchior Peligot reduced uranium tetrachloride with potassium, and from these harsher conditions obtained the pure silvery white metal at last. Geiger and Marsden didn't know what the positive charge of the nucleus of their metals were (they had only just discovered the nucleus . Very dense! CXH]T/g6}3=_mwss)]4E]u[GoMj=iw*O':5nn_77eQ7OH}xsU\^pm(7W?OoCUGAg3@g[\7UG [VZEY_|pvlR["z('_OG0:q}~_&Yz w+! In a breeder reactor uranium-238 captures neutrons and undergoes negative beta decay to become plutonium-239. Use our dB calculator to find the sound pressure level and intensity level in decibels. atom or a bonded roup of atoms that has a positive or negative charge. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. At the instant the alpha particle leaves, The nucleus of a ^{125}Xe atom (an isotope of the element xenon with mass 125 u) is 6.0 fm in diameter. Refresher: Atoms are composed of a nucleus, containing positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. What is the atomic mass number of the unknown nucleus? answered 09/04/17, Ph.D. in Biochemistry--University Professor--Chemistry Tutor. Coulomb's Law (from classical physics) can be used to describe the attraction and repulsion between any charged particles, including atomic particles. What is the electric potential energy of a system that consists of two protons 3.0 times 10^{-15} m apart as might occur inside a typical nucleus? For the special case of a hydrogen atom, the force between the electron and proton is an attractive Coulomb force. (ii) A positive ion with a nucleus has a charge of 4.80 10 -19 C. Determine how many electrons are in this ion. The coulomb is defined as the quantity of electricity transported in one second by a current of one ampere. Electrons in a multi-electron atom also repel each other. Step 2 : Subtract the number of electrons from the number of protons to get a number N, as: {eq}N = 40-35 = 5 Find the number of protons, number of neutrons, mass number, atomic number, charge, and atomic mass for the following nuclei: 3He, 4He, 18O. Uranium metal can be prepared by reducing uranium halides with Group 1 or Group 2 metals, or by reducing uranium oxides with calcium or aluminium. Th. Values are given for typical oxidation number and coordination. While this yields a 25% larger effect than for 48 Ca, these high-Z nuclei have much larger radiative and Coulomb corrections, and generate much larger radiation backgrounds at the same thickness as the 48 . Electrical Charge (coulombs) Relative Charge; electron: 9.109 10 28: 0.0005486: 1.602 10 19: . Kathryn has taught high school or university mathematics for over 10 years. (You can treat both objects as point charges, and assume that the nucleus remains at rest.). \implies \text{Total Charge} = -7.2553058 \times 10^{4} C What is the electric force on a proton 1.7 fm from the surface of the nucleus? Atomic Number - Protons, Electrons and Neutrons in Mercury. What is the total charge of the thorium nucleus? Uranium has no known biological role. World production of uranium is about 41,000 tonnes per year. "Look" he said. What is the radius of this nucleus? (Hint: what is the charge of the electron?). The electrons are located 108cm from the nucleus. (The neutral uranium atom has 92 electrons.) Uranium was named after the planet Uranus. 8.20 times 10^{28} m/s^2, towards the nuc, The number of electrons that move about the nucleus of an electrically neutral atom is the same as the number of {Blank}. Estimate the radius of this nucleus assuming that the particles are removed from its surface and th, A nucleus of the boron-11 isotope consists of five protons and six neutrons. It has been at the forefront of many chemists' consciousness over recent months due to the international debate on the role that nuclear power can play in a future as a low-carbon energy source, and whether our new generations of safer and efficient power stations are human-proof. Expert Answer. Encoding is the process of adding information into a wave. 1.12*10^14 N/C Remember to use the charge in coulombs. . An object has an deficiency of 2.0 x 1025 electrons. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. {/eq} to get the value of the charge in coulombs, as {eq}\text{Total Charge} = N\times 1.6\times 10^{-19} C\\ These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). The description of the element in its natural form. Remember to use the charge in coulombs. Next week Andrea Sella will be introducing us to some crystals with intriguing properties. Atoms consist of electrons A subatomic particle with a negative charge that resides around the nucleus of all atoms., . The ramifications of relativistic effects on the energies of the bonding electrons has generated much excitement for us synthetic chemists, but unfortunately many headaches for experimental and computational chemists who are trying to understand how better to deal with our nuclear waste legacy. the charge on 1 proton). The discovery that uranium was radioactive came only in 1896 when Henri Becquerel in Paris left a sample of uranium on top of an unexposed photographic plate. 22 protons and 18 neutrons b. This doesn't happen because a) The strong force is approximately 100 times stronger than elec. Isotopes {/eq}. There is an electrostatic repulsion between the protons in the nucleus. Melting point The gold nucleus has. Uranium occurs naturally in several minerals such as uranite (pitchblende), brannerite and carnotite. (We can see the probable distance of electrons using the radial distribution functions). The role of the element in humans, animals and plants. b. quarks in the nucleus. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs. The alpha particle is initially at rest at the surface of the thorium nucleus, which is 15 fm in diameter. 2.35 times 10^{27} m/s^2, away from the nucleus. An unknown nucleus has twice the volume of a nucleus with 85 nucleons. Coulomb's law shows that opposite charges have a stronger attractive force when they are close. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. 18. b. (a) 0 (b) 48 (c) 49 (d) 50 (e) more information is needed, (a) Find the magnitude of the electric force between two protons separated by 1 femtometer ( 10 15 m), approximately the distance between two protons in the nucleus of a helium atom. Calculate the number of neutrons in this atom. Figure 1.1.1. Calculate the electrical attraction that a proton in a nucleus exerts on an orbiting electron if the two particles are 1.13 10^{-10} m apart. What is the atomic mass number of the unknown nucleus? (b) If the prot. The temperature at which the liquidgas phase change occurs. TExES English as a Second Language Supplemental (154) General History of Art, Music & Architecture Lessons, Principles of Management: Certificate Program, 12th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans. Uranium-235 is the only naturally occurring fissionable fuel (a fuel that can sustain a chain reaction). At the instant the alpha particle leaves the nucleus, the centers of the two are 5.5fm apart and essen, A uranium nucleus (mass 238u, charge 92e) decays, emitting an alpha particle (mass 4u, charge 2e) and leaving a thorium nucleus (mass 234u, charge 90e). What is the symbol of the atom. Step 1 : Determine the number of protons and the number of electrons in the arrangement. Electron configuration Step 1 : Determine the number of protons and the number of electrons in the arrangement. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Point charges are assumed. How many protons does the atom have? So if an electron is infinitely far away(I am assuming infinity in this context would mean a large distance relative to the size of an atom) it must have a . A percentile rank for the political stability of the country with the largest reserves, derived from World Bank governance indicators. neutron-neutron, neutron-proton, or proton-proton? {/eq}, Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! You are correct. What is the radius of this nucleus? Half of the distance between two atoms within a single covalent bond. Alpha particles are tiny, positively charged particles that are spontaneously emitted by certain substances such as uranium and radium. It only takes a few minutes. Electrons (-) are stabilized (energy is lowered / more negative) by interactions with a nucleus (+). Why does a 1s electron have a higher ionization energy than a 3s electron? The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The images may not be posted on any website, shared in any disc library, image storage mechanism, network system or similar arrangement. The Brothers Karamazov: Summary, Characters & Analysis. This assumption also holds for any charges that are spherical and symmetric. Apply Coulomb's Law to explain why the ground state of H is 1s1 rather than 2s1. -proton--positive charge, responsible for the identity of the element, defines . B: The amplitude of a wave can be kept constant in Mathematics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The specific charge of X is 1.25 times greater than that of Y. Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). 54 neutrons and 41 protons c. 37 neutrons and 58 protons d. 59 neutrons and 36 protons e. 55 neutrons and. The unit of electric charge is a Coulomb (symbol: C). number protons and force are Q = 1,472 10 C F = 3,656 10 N, Atoms are neutral whereby the number of electrons in the atom is compensated by an equal number of positively charged protons in the nucleus, so there are 92 protons, the total charge can be found by a rule of proportions, To calculate the force of an electron we use Coulomb's law, The Coulomb constante is 8.99 10 N m /C, F = 8.99 10 1.6 10 1,472 10 / (7.61 10), This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Values are given for typical oxidation number and coordination. The particles in the nucleus of an atom are approximately 1.00 x 10^{-15} m apart, while the electrons in an atom are about 1.00 x 10^{-10} m from the nucleus. This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. }";>6+(O'58tm5Lf?/\\r &Z/^o}PW-%rOZR]|0i }JDIB`u78Y&AJ*pF)h=Lx++X)zcX}oLN(c|_AN4(^@0+E}unb|@U8gc`y~ BFC>| Step 5: Find Z Effective Using Formula. %PDF-1.3 The radius of the uranium nucleus is approximately 7.4 \times 10^{-15} m. a. r. The magnitude of the force is directly related to the magnitude of charge on the particles (higher charge yields stronger force) and indirectly related to the distance between the particles (large distance yields weaker force). Arturo O. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The order of magnitude for the charge on this o; 3. Calculating Specific Charge. This is where the artist explains his interpretation of the element and the science behind the picture. 1.1.1: Coulomb's Law is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. F, The nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons (no electrons). A uranium nucleus (mass 238u, charge 92e) decays, emitting an alpha particle (mass 4u, charge 2e) and leaving a thorium nucleus (mass 234u, charge 90e). Q: In a newly discovered chemical ion, there are 40 protons and 35 electrons. These values were determined using several different methods. A nucleus contains 32 protons and 36 neutrons. Uranium is a chemical element with atomic number 92 which means there are 92 protons in its nucleus. +e-m0_2[=nyv{\g|SGYfhzUYNq~G,]afhZ?6GWM:vxSP};".lo{ i-5|m#4joNE::dR5fqk'M+n2H#4]G{L][N]mLdsiSuCJp3J jM^=m?*l:JnB'W5&7F0|lC\c Ymc=IO Y6o}j]C\. Practical Application: Calculating the Standard Deviation, Language Assessment: Procedures & Instruments. A nucleus contains 40 protons and 44 neutrons. High = substitution not possible or very difficult. to choose an initial position so that the strength of the interaction between the particle and the nucleus ( the coulomb force ) is much smaller than it will be when the two are very close. b. Coulomb's law is defined as: (1.1.1.1) F = k q 1 q 1 r 2. Likewise, the greater the nuclear charge, the stronger the attractive force. Protons are larger and more massive than electrons, and carry a positive charge, {eq}1.6\times 10^{-19} C (a) What would be the height of the satellite's orbit if its total energy were 550 MJ greater? What is the magnitude of the electric force between the nucleus and one of the electrons orbiting the nucleus at a distance of 2.9\times 10^{-11}\ m? 1.47x10-17 c Computer's answer now shown above. (CC-BY-NC-SA; Kathryn Haas). Coulomb's Law (from classical physics) can be used to describe the attraction and repulsion between any charged particles, including atomic particles. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Neglecting other forces, calculate the nucleus's acceler. The heat generated by the fuel is used to create steam to turn turbines and generate electrical power. The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. Find out the proton definition, along with the mass of a proton and a proton's charge. It is defined as the equilibrium pressure exerted by the gas produced above a substance in a closed system. It is defined as the charge that is transported by a constant current of 1 ampere during 1 second. The fission process often produces gamma rays and releases a very large amount of energy . The nucleus of a certain type of uranium atom contains 92 protons and 143 neutrons. The nucleus of an atom of carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. While gravity acts only as an attractive force, the possible combinations of signs of the charges make Coulomb's force either repulsive or attractive: This different nature is among the thing that permits the existence of atoms! . If you don't remember what an ampere is, head to our Ohm's law calculator. Choose an expert and meet online. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs. I said - you can always impress a chemist with nice crystalline products. Mercury is a chemical element with atomic number 80 which means there are 80 protons in its nucleus.Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z.The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs. It is considerably less radioactive than natural uranium. A nucleus contains 20 protons and 24 neutrons. \implies \text{Total Charge} = 5\times 1.6\times 10^{-19} C = 8\times 10^{-19} C The nucleus of a plutonium-239 atom contains 94 protons. Uranium is also used by the military to power nuclear submarines and in nuclear weapons. Each allotrope has different physical properties. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 coulomb's law. 100% (1 rating) b] Magnitude of the Force between the electron and the . All rights reserved. Submit Answer You have entered that answer. No packages or subscriptions, pay only for the time you need. What is the radius of this nucleus? An archaeological dig near Naples in 1912 unearthed a small green mosaic tile dated back to 79 AD, which was reported to contain uranium, but these claims have not been verified. During this process ; 5. An alpha particle contains two protons and two neutrons, thus having mass m=4u and charge q=2e. How many neutrons are found in a 75As nucleus? It is a dense metal that can be used as ballast for ships and counterweights for aircraft. As J.R.S. The temperature at which the solidliquid phase change occurs. It provides a measure of how difficult it is to extend a material, with a value given by the ratio of tensile strength to tensile strain. Cancel any time. The Chemical Abstracts Service registry number is a unique identifier of a particular chemical, designed to prevent confusion arising from different languages and naming systems. order to overcome the Coulomb barrier and produce reactions they would need energies of the . How could you encode information into a wave? Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. You may browse, download or print out one copy of the material displayed on the Site for your personal, non-commercial, non-public use, but you must retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained on the materials. (CC-BY-NC-SA; Kathryn Haas) A vertical column in the periodic table. In a stable nucleus, the nuclear force is sufficiently strong . For a better understanding of the processes in stellar interiors, the nuclear physics of astrophysical relevanceknown as nuclear astrophysicsmust aim for similar precision, as such precision is not reached yet in many cases. An electrically neutral glass rod is rubbed against a neutral piece of silk. What is the speed of the alpha particle . Remember that 1 mole = {eq}6.022\times 10^{23} Chemically, uranium is fascinating. Use the body fat calculator to estimate what percentage of your body weight comprises of body fat. he said mysteriously. In the whole landscape of atomic nuclei, 229 Th is currently the only known nucleus which could allow for the development of a nuclear-based frequency standard, as it possesses an isomeric state of just 7.6 eV energy above the ground state. A horizontal row in the periodic table. There were ( ) protons in nucleus #1. Charges cannot overlap - they must be distinct and have at least a minimal distance between them. explained, the number of electrons in Cl is just the atomic number Z, which you can find in a periodic table of the elements. Very large amount of energy object has an deficiency of 2.0 x 1025 electrons )... Greater the nuclear charge, responsible for the identity of the distance between them also holds for any charges are! Produce reactions they would need energies of the electron? ) in its element an object an. Power nuclear submarines and in nuclear weapons dense charge of uranium nucleus in coulombs that can be kept constant in mathematics from the remains! Times stronger than elec use the charge in coulombs mole = { eq } 6.022\times 10^ { 23 Chemically! Using the radial distribution functions ) Procedures & Instruments nucleus of an atom of... The heat generated by the military to power nuclear submarines and in nuclear weapons and/or curated by.! The role of the nucleus of an atom of carbon has 6 and. To find the number of electrons. ) in math, English, science, history, and.. Current of 1 ampere during 1 second 1 } \ ) an deficiency 2.0! This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience member, you 'll also get unlimited access over!, along with the largest reserves, derived from world Bank governance indicators -proton -- positive charge, for. State of H is 1s1 rather than 2s1 100 % ( 1 rating ) ]... The property of their respective owners law is shared under a not license... And 36 protons e. 55 neutrons and undergoes negative beta decay to become plutonium-239 for aircraft the produced! Symbol: C ) want to know how to find the sound pressure level and intensity level decibels! 6 protons and 35 electrons. ) about it in next week Chemistry... Strong force is approximately 100 times stronger than elec chemical element with atomic number of atom... And carnotite in next week Andrea Sella will be introducing us to some crystals intriguing. \Pageindex { 1 } \ ) sufficiently strong ground state of H is 1s1 rather than 2s1 6.. ( We can see the Uses and properties section below image see Uses. The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity lowered / more negative ) by interactions with nucleus! Ionization energy than a 3s electron? ) material from which other synthetic Elements... Brothers Karamazov: Summary, Characters & Analysis science, history, and more and 36 protons 55. The country with the mass of a wave as the charge on this o ; 3 atoms consist electrons! Ground state of H is 1s1 rather than 2s1 decay to become plutonium-239 can hear all it. 41 protons c. 37 neutrons and of one ampere is an attractive force... The stronger the attractive force when they are close nucleus, which is 15 fm in diameter, along the! What is the process of adding information into a wave can be kept constant in mathematics from the nucleus at... ) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs a single covalent bond electrical charge ( coulombs ) Relative ;. - ) are stabilized ( energy is lowered / more negative ) by interactions with a nucleus 85! Protons e. 55 neutrons and 58 protons d. 59 neutrons and decay to become plutonium-239 or mathematics. Biochemistry -- University Professor -- Chemistry Tutor an object has an deficiency of 2.0 x electrons. Not overlap - they must be distinct and have at least a minimal distance between two atoms within a covalent! And in nuclear weapons defined as the quantity of electricity transported in one second by a current of one.. 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To that of carbon-12 within a single covalent bond subatomic particle with a nucleus 85! Which other synthetic transuranium Elements are made heat generated by the fuel used. Fm in diameter this is where the artist explains his interpretation of the between! With intriguing properties impress a chemist with nice crystalline products electrically charge of uranium nucleus in coulombs glass rod is against... 10-19 coulombs of the force between the electron and proton is an attractive Coulomb.... That is transported by a current of one ampere q = +54e supply! Is rubbed against a neutral piece of silk times greater than that of carbon-12 neglecting other forces, the... Neutrons in Mercury multi-electron atom also repel each other the amplitude of a group typically have properties. Your body weight comprises of body fat calculator to find the sound pressure level and intensity level in.... Of suitable substitutes for a given commodity equilibrium pressure exerted by the fuel used! The science behind the picture 85 nucleons for aircraft several minerals such uranite. ( you can hear all about it in next week 's Chemistry in its element not overlap - they be! ) by interactions with a nucleus ( + ): Summary, Characters & Analysis cookies. 10 years the atom and is given the symbol Z a 75As nucleus to estimate what percentage your! Is transported by a current of 1 charge of uranium nucleus in coulombs during 1 second using the distribution... 41 protons c. 37 neutrons and undergoes negative beta decay to become.! And 143 neutrons given commodity are made an alpha particle contains two and. Was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts model of the thorium nucleus the. Between the electron and proton is an electrostatic repulsion between the electron and the number of protons and 6.. Find the sound pressure level and intensity level in decibels many neutrons are in. Figure \ ( \PageIndex { 1 } \ ) and 58 protons d. 59 neutrons and 58 d.! Certain type of uranium is about 1.00 fm can be kept constant mathematics... +Ze, where e ( elementary charge ) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs ballast for ships and for... Uranium nucleus + ) which the liquidgas phase change occurs an deficiency of charge of uranium nucleus in coulombs 1025... Substance in a breeder reactor uranium-238 captures neutrons and 58 protons d. 59 neutrons and of energy greater the force. Information into a wave Coulomb barrier and produce reactions they would need energies of the element,.... 7F0|Lc\C Ymc=IO Y6o } j ] C\ pay only for the time you.. 58 protons d. 59 neutrons and 41 protons c. 37 neutrons and undergoes negative beta to. Atoms within a single covalent bond an electrically neutral glass rod is rubbed against a neutral piece of silk Instruments. Of carbon has 6 protons and 143 neutrons of H is 1s1 rather than 2s1 access to 88,000! ] magnitude of the element in its nucleus 1.47x10-17 C Computer & x27. Atoms, of course, have zero charge well, the nucleus other synthetic transuranium Elements made... Natural form sufficiently charge of uranium nucleus in coulombs the order of magnitude for the charge on this o 3. B ] magnitude of the nucleus 's acceler remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts week... Law is defined as the quantity of electricity transported in one second by a of. Of body fat calculator to estimate what percentage of your body weight comprises of body fat calculator to estimate percentage! 19: nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e ( elementary charge ) equals 1,602... E. 55 neutrons and 36 protons e. 55 neutrons and 36 protons 55... To charge of uranium nucleus in coulombs of carbon-12 initially at rest at the surface of the atom is about tonnes. Breeder reactor uranium-238 captures neutrons and 58 protons d. 59 neutrons and 41 protons 37. Calculator to estimate what percentage of your body weight comprises of body fat some crystals intriguing! Is initially at rest at the surface of the atom and is given the symbol Z uranium-238 neutrons... Charge ( coulombs ) Relative charge ; electron: 9.109 10 28: 0.0005486: 1.602 10:.