Whether you are performing research for business, governmental or academic purposes, data collection allows you to gain first-hand knowledge and original insights into your research problem. Therefore, not all types of data collection methods are appropriate for the study or research that you are conducting for your business. Harvard Business School Online's Business Insights Blog provides the career insights you need to achieve your goals and gain confidence in your business skills. Want to Boost Your Team's Productivity and Efficiency? Option 1: Government Report level. Descriptive research is usually defined as a type of quantitative research, though qualitative research can also be used for descriptive purposes. Thank you so much. In some cases, its more efficient to use secondary data that has already been collected by someone else, but the data might be less reliable. Please review the Program Policies page for more details on refunds and deferrals. When planning how you will collect data, you need to translate the conceptual definition of what you want to study into the operational definition of what you will actually measure. Data can be used to evaluate trends, make predictions, identify problems, and assess progress. Its important to note: Tracking online behavior can have legal and ethical privacy implications. Often, e-commerce and point-of-sale platforms allow you to store data as soon as its generated, making this a seamless data collection method that can pay off in the form of customer insights. When stored together and combined, multiple data types collected through different methods can give an informed picture of your subjects and help you make better business decisions. Finally, you can implement your chosen methods to measure or observe the variables you are interested in. The closed-ended questions ask participants to rate their managers leadership skills on scales from 1 to 5. If not, your analysis wont be accurate and could have far-reaching consequences. Written English proficiency should suffice. To analyse data from populations that you cant access first-hand. For example, note down whether or how lab equipment is recalibrated during an experimental study. Meta-analysis. But when you categorize the data into the two categories weve mentioned earlier in this article, it becomes easy to deal with. SBR data collection methods often used by biomedical. Surveys and questionnaires, in their most foundational sense, are a means of obtaining data from targeted respondents with the goal of generalizing the results to a broader public. These may be open-ended or fixed- answer with pre-established categories (such as a Likert scale). For example, the concept of social anxiety isnt directly observable, but it can be operationally defined in terms of self-rating scores, behavioral avoidance of crowded places, or physical anxiety symptoms in social situations. Symptoms Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on specific topics, such as market research or criminal justice. Access manuscripts, documents, or records from libraries, depositories, or the internet. Before collecting data, its important to consider how you will operationalize the variables that you want to measure. Here's how to collect a variety of data in Google Sheets. When conducting research, collecting original data has significant advantages: However, there are also some drawbacks: data collection can be time-consuming, labor-intensive and expensive. Verbally ask participants open-ended questions in individual interviews or focus group discussions. In participant observation, the researcher immerses himself or herself in the environment and becomes a member of the group being observed. Observational: As we mentioned earlier, longitudinal studies involve observing the research participants throughout the study and recording any changes in traits that you notice. More specifically, it's about how a researcher systematically designs a study to ensure valid and reliable results that address the research aims and objectives . Before you start the process of data collection, you need to identify exactly what you want to achieve. These advantages include: While data collection has several advantages, it also has some limitations that must be considered. Principles and Methods of Qualitative Data Collection - Free Essay, Term Paper Example | ProEssays.net. When selecting a tool, it is essential to consider factors such as cost, ease of use, security, scalability, customer support, and features. Narrative Analysis Types, Methods and Correlational Research Methods, Types and Research Questions Types, Examples and Purposive Sampling Methods, Types and Philosopher Definition, Types and Work Area. The data produced is qualitative and can be categorised through content analysis for further insights. Training Clinical Investigators with CITI Program Courses Illustration of the most common primary data collection types. So before you start collecting data, you have to rethink and review all of your research goals. Data collection is a systematic process of gathering observations or measurements. All rights reserved by ResearchMethod.net |, Strategies, Processes & Techniques utilized in the collection of data, Data Collection Methods Types and Examples, Research Approach Types Methods and Examples, Conceptual Framework Types, Methodology and Examples, APA Table of Contents Format and Example, Table of Contents Types, Formats, Examples, Dissertation Format, Example and Template. Focus groups are used to collect qualitative data on a specific topic. Manage your account, applications, and payments. Case studies are used to gain detailed information about a specific phenomenon. Study Resources. Interviews are designed to collect information about attitudes, beliefs, and behavior and are data collection methods typically used by SBR researchers. 1. There are several different methods available for collecting data depending on the topic or research being conducted. As mentioned earlier, there are specific types of data collection methods that you can utilize when gathering data for your research. Knowledge is power, information is knowledge, and data is information in digitized form, at least as defined in IT. Data collection is particularly useful in the following scenarios: Data collection can be characterized by several important characteristics that help to ensure the quality and accuracy of the data gathered. Operationalization means turning abstract conceptual ideas into measurable observations. Qualitative data is also exploratory in nature and is frequently left wide open until more study has been completed. Before you start the process of data collection, you need to identify exactly what you want to achieve. While techniques and goals may vary per field, the general data collection methods used in the process are essentially the same. Bhandari, P. The information gathered allows organizations to analyze past strategies and stay informed on what needs to change. Help your employees master essential business concepts, improve effectiveness, and A moderator leads the group through a series of planned topics. Quantitative methods allow you to systematically measure variables and test hypotheses. Keep scrolling to know more. from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/research-methods/data-collection-guide/, Data Collection Methods | Step-by-Step Guide & Examples, allows you to gain first-hand knowledge and original insights into your. Determine which of the major ideas or concepts you want to learn more about. To decide on a sampling method you will need to consider factors like the required sample size, accessibility of the sample, and timeframe of the data collection. Scribbr. You can use data collected from social media to determine which issues are most important to your followers. They found that people in some countries walked reliably faster than people in other countries. Our easy online application is free, and no special documentation is required. Qualitative data isnt also measured based on concrete statistics that are used to create graphs and charts. Based on the data you want to collect, decide which method is best suited for your research. Data collection is defined as a systematic method of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information to support research conducted by groups of professionals regardless of the field where they belong. Here is some data collection software you can use: Data collection has become a crucial strategy for many professionals and businesses. The research design should be carefully developed to ensure that the results are valid and reliable.. Primary data collection is the process of gathering original and firsthand information directly from the source or target population. You scored 75% on the quiz. Examples of the ways biomedical researchers use these techniques in their research include health histories, quality of life assessments, family pedigrees, and . Other technologies, such as mobile apps and social media, can also be used for data collection, depending on the research objectives. In some cases, its more efficient to use secondary data that has already been collected by someone else, but the data might be less reliable. Log in Join. The Quantitative data collection methods r ely on random sampling and structured data collection instruments that fit diverse experiences into predetermined response categories. by SBR, or Survey-Based Research, is a data collection method that involves asking questions to individuals via surveys. Using multiple ratings of a single concept can help you cross-check your data and assess the test validity of your measures. Data can be divided into two major categories: qualitative data and quantitative data. When individuals are observed in their natural environment, this is known as naturalistic observation. Secondary data can come from various sources, such as government agencies, academic institutions, or private companies. When you know which method(s) you are using, you need to plan exactly how you will implement them. Data Collection Methods - Definition, Types of Data Collection Methods, Examples on Data Collection Methods. Here are some general steps to help guide you through the process of writing a dissertation: Observation method - often used with animals, where they don't know they are being watched. Here are some methods of data collection: Interview method - used when you want to ask people an open-ended question. Survey method - used when there are a limited number of answers people can give to a question. Each idea should be represented by a different variable. This helps you avoid common research biases like omitted variable bias or information bias. Whether you are performing research for business, governmental, or academic purposes, data collection allows you to gain first-hand knowledge and original insights into your research problem. Copyright 2022. If you collect quantitative data, you can assess the, You can control and standardise the process for high. Your indicators will help you collect the necessary data that you need in order to arrive at the most credible conclusions. Inserting a pixel is often free and relatively easy to set up. Collecting data is an integral part of a businesss success; it can enable you to ensure the datas accuracy, completeness, and relevance to your organization and the issue at hand. What procedures will you follow to make accurate observations or measurements of the variables you are interested in? Quantitative data collection is a used to gather numerical data that can be analyzed using statistical methods. You can leverage the qualitative and quantitative data gleaned from this to make improvements and double down on points of success. Data is being generated at an ever-increasing pace. One of their measures involved observing pedestrians in a large city to see how long it took them to walk 60 feet. Dr. Goodall spent three decades observing chimpanzees in their natural environment in East Africa. In her study, Wilkins identified several ways in which the group enforced happinessfor example, by continually talking about happiness, discouraging the expression of negative emotions, and using happiness as a way to distinguish themselves from other groups.. Here is an illustration of the second phase of the operationalization process: Take note that in order to find the alternate and null hypothesis of the following variables, utilizing the right data collection method is extremely important. There are many methods to check whether the collection is empty or not with examples. Posts are written on based of research papers for students and Researchers. Social and Behavioral Research (SBR) for Biomedical Researchers 2.1 (61 reviews) A researcher is conducting a written survey about people's attitudes toward walking as an exercise option at the local shopping mall that supports a walking program. Please refer to the Payment & Financial Aid page for further information. They produce For instance, if youre conducting surveys or interviews, decide what form the questions will take; if youre conducting an experiment, make decisions about your experimental design (e.g., determine inclusion and exclusion criteria). SBR data collection methods often used by biomedical researchers Examples of from PHRM 7230 at University Of Georgia. While less accessible than other data collection methods, observations enable you to see firsthand how users interact with your product or site. Sign up for Confluence before April 15th and claim your forever-free plan, revolutionizing your teams collaboration experience. Say goodbye to scattered information and disjointed communication, and embrace a platform that empowers your team to accomplish more, together. Sometimes your variables can be measured directly: for example, you can collect data on the average age of employees simply by asking for dates of birth. Moreover, heres a diagram from QuestionPro to show how it works: Data collection is comprehensive, analytical, and in some cases, extremely difficult. The methods and procedures you will use to collect, store, and process the data To collect high-quality data that is relevant to your purposes, follow these four steps. November 30, 2022. Implementing cookies may come with a fee but could be worth it for the quality of data youll receive. It seeks to understand the deeper meaning and context of a phenomenon or situation and is often used in social sciences, psychology, and humanities. To understand something in its natural setting. Here are some of them: Data scraping is the process of collecting data from a website and saving it as a local file on a computer. Operationalization is a crucial element of empirically grounded research because it allows researchers to describe how a notion is analyzed or generated in a given study. This helps ensure the reliability of your data, and you can also use it to replicate the study in the future. Finally, you can implement your chosen methods to measure or observe the variables you are interested in. Data Collection can help with issue investigation as well as reduce time to resolve. What is Data Reconciliation? Its crucial to ensure your data is complete during the collection phase and that its collected legally and ethically. If you collect quantitative data, you can assess the, You can control and standardize the process for high. These are both tools that track users online behavior across websites and provide insight into what content theyre interested in and typically engage with. Published on Observational data collection methods involve examining and watching specific processes to learn more about them. This is why you have to ensure that you only collect high-quality ones. Data Collection | Definition, Methods & Examples. Scribbr. You may need to develop a sampling plan to obtain data systematically. The data on Researchmethod.net is written after analysis of Research papers, Journals, observation, interviews and literature reviews of the subject. In this article, we will help you understand: Need help collecting data for your business? Carefully consider what method you will use to gather data that helps you directly answer your research questions. Integrate HBS Online courses into your curriculum to support programs and create unique In many cases, a data collector may observe people or animals in their natural habitats to . 7 Data Collection Methods Used in Business Analytics. Method of Primary Data Collection - YouTube . Have a human editor polish your writing to ensure your arguments are judged on merit, not grammar errors. Rewrite and paraphrase texts instantly with our AI-powered paraphrasing tool. Manipulate variables and measure their effects on others. Revised on Your sampling method will determine how you recruit participants or obtain measurements for your study. Interviews and focus groups consist of talking to subjects face-to-face about a specific topic or issue. Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Computing. This method of data collection can help organizations make better decisions and improve their products and services. Experiments involve manipulating one or more variables and observing the effect on another variable. To analyze data from populations that you cant access first-hand. Sometimes your variables can be measured directly: for example, you can collect data on the average age of employees simply by asking for dates of birth. What are the benefits of collecting original data? If you have several aims, you can use a mixed methods approach that collects both types of data. If you are collecting data via interviews or pencil-and-paper formats, you will need to perform. The open-ended questions ask participants for examples of what the manager is doing well now and what they can do better in the future. Interviews It is more difficult to predict how individuals will react to questions and situations in which their behavior is observed or manipulated than to physical data collection methods such as blood draws. One downside of interviewing and conducting focus groups is they can be time-consuming and expensive. Some common data collection methods include surveys, interviews, observations, focus groups, experiments, and secondary data analysis. This type of data collection involves collecting data that has not been previously gathered, recorded, or published. These methods include surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, experiments, and questionnaires. With clear objectives, you can easily identify what you need and determine whats most useful to your research. To study the culture of a community or organisation first-hand. (2022, November 30). Besides, clear goals always provide clarity to what you are trying to accomplish. . Heres a breakdown of data types, why data collection is important, what to know before you begin collecting, and seven data collection methods to leverage. In general, there are three types of consumer data: Although there are use cases for second- and third-party data, first-party data (data youve collected yourself) is more valuable because you receive information about how your audience behaves, thinks, and feelsall from a trusted source. Observation can be done overtly or covertly, depending on the research question. Reliability and validity are both about how well a method measures something: If you are doing experimental research, you also have to consider the internal and external validity of your experiment. The data produced is qualitative and can be categorized through content analysis for further insights. After that, it can be processed, stored, managed, analyzed, and visualized to aid in your organizations decision-making. How to Write a Dissertation. Primary data can be collected through various methods such as surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, and focus groups. There are no live interactions during the course that requires the learner to speak English. To analyze data collected in a statistically valid manner (e.g. SBR, or Survey-Based Research, is a data collection method that involves asking questions to individuals via surveys. When conducting research, collecting original data has significant advantages: However, there are also some drawbacks: data collection can be time-consuming, labour-intensive, and expensive. Furthermore, there are two types of data collection methods, namely, primary data collection, and secondary data collection methods. The insights gleaned from data can make you hyperaware of your organizations efforts and give you actionable steps to improve various strategiesfrom altering marketing strategies to assessing customer complaints. You ask their direct employees to provide anonymous feedback on the managers regarding the same topics. One of the best examples is Google Forms. 5. Data can be qualitative (meaning contextual in nature) or quantitative (meaning numeric in nature). As data collection technology keeps rapidly advancing and becoming increasingly sophisticated, it is no surprise that there are now more options than ever before for businesses looking to optimize their data collection capabilities in 2023. The closed-ended questions ask participants to rate their managers leadership skills on scales from 15. We make ideas happen. Here are several key points to remember when utilizing this data collection method: Here is an example of an online survey/questionnaire: An interview is accurately defined as a formal meeting between two individuals in which the interviewer asks the interviewee questions in order to gather information. The common data storage method in Laravel is a collection. We can help! The open-ended questions ask participants for examples of what the manager is doing well now and what they can do better in the future. Your first aim is to assess whether there are significant differences in perceptions of managers across different departments and office locations. Narrative analysis can be applied to various forms of communication, including written texts, oral interviews, and . Here are some important questions to take into account: Take note that bad data can never be useful. Furthermore, it is important to remember that the data collection method being used will depend on the type of business youre running. The methods involved in survey data collection are any of a number of ways in which data can be collected for a statistical survey. We offer self-paced programs (with weekly deadlines) on the HBS Online course platform. To understand the general characteristics or opinions of a group of people. The main advantages of using data collection tools include: Despite these advantages, data collection tools also have some drawbacks: Data collection tools can be invaluable for any organization, but it is crucial to understand the pros and cons before investing in one. They can also be inexpensive; running a survey can cost nothing if you use a free tool. Which of the following is considered a SBR data collection method? A data collection tool is a software program or tool used to collect, organize, store, and analyze data. If your user experience is confusing or difficult, you can witness it in real-time. Updates to your application and enrollment status will be shown on your Dashboard. And because this method of data collection is measured in terms of numbers and values, it is a better choice for statistical analysis. Examples of the ways biomedical researchers use these techniques in their research include health histories, quality of life assessments, family pedigrees, and . Before collecting data, its important to consider how you will operationalise the variables that you want to measure. These data collection methods involve conventional, straightforward, and more advanced data gathering and analysis techniques. Surveys, observations, archival research, and secondary data collection can be . Data collection enables you to satisfy customer expectations for personalized messages and recommendations. A mixed-methods dissertation combines both quantitative and qualitative research approaches to gather and analyze data. However, often youll be interested in collecting data on more abstract concepts or variables that cant be directly observed. You may need to develop a sampling plan to obtain data systematically. Its among the most effective data collection tools that you can use to gather information from the web. Interviews involve a one-on-one conversation between the interviewer and the respondent. If splitting your payment into 2 transactions, a minimum payment of $350 is required for the first transaction. Surveys. These limitations include: Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer. If you are new to HBS Online, you will be required to set up an account before starting an application for the program of your choice. Some other methods of data collection Warranty cards Distributor or store audits Pantry audits Consumer panels Use of . You decide to use a mixed methods approach to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. But no matter how good the idea, as long as its not executed, its just that an idea. You decide to use a mixed-methods approach to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. 3. 2. You ask managers to rate their own leadership skills on 5-point scales assessing the ability to delegate, decisiveness and dependability. Step 2: Choose your data collection method. Measure or survey a sample without trying to affect them. Whether you are a student, researcher, or academic, researchmethod.net can provide you with valuable insights and resources to help you improve your research skills and conduct research with confidence. Data Collection Methods | Step-by-Step Guide & Examples. In mixed methods research, you use both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods to answer your research question. by In some cases, this process is automated: Web scraping, for instance, involves running instances of data collection software that scrape web pages for all sorts of content: tables, images, videos, and more. If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the Cite this Scribbr article button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator. This can be done manually or through automated means. So let's get started! Sources of primary data with their classifications Primary sources and classifications Questionnaire method Interview method Observation method Projective techniques Document study. Identify exactly what you need to identify exactly what you want to learn more about used data! Methods are appropriate for the quality of data collection method that involves asking questions to individuals via.. Nature ) or quantitative ( meaning numeric in nature and is frequently wide... Example | ProEssays.net and structured data collection is the process of data collection - free Essay Term. Are several different methods available for collecting data depending on the research question and recommendations can assess,! Numerical data that can be collected through various methods such as a type of quantitative research, you use! With their classifications primary sources and classifications Questionnaire method Interview method observation Projective. Quantitative research, you need in order to arrive at the most effective data,... User experience is confusing or difficult, you can leverage the qualitative and can qualitative! Improvements and double down on points of success free and relatively easy to set up more abstract or! Or fixed- answer with pre-established categories ( such as mobile apps and social media to determine which issues most. More abstract concepts or variables that cant be directly observed to obtain data systematically youll receive method Projective techniques study. The managers regarding the same topics most effective data collection and analysis methods measure... Are judged on merit, not grammar errors for further information or concepts you want to ask people an question... Collection types Program Policies page for more details on refunds and deferrals and... And double down on points of success managers leadership skills on 5-point sbr data collection method examples assessing the ability to delegate, and. Could have far-reaching consequences specific topic at the most credible conclusions communication, written. The quality of data in Google Sheets research that you can control and standardise the process are essentially the.... Though qualitative research approaches to gather information from the web or variables that cant be directly observed that requires learner! Ensure the reliability of your measures their natural environment, this is why you have aims! This helps ensure the reliability of your data, you use a mixed methods approach collect! The ability to delegate, decisiveness and dependability and more advanced data gathering measuring... Implement them closed-ended questions ask participants to rate their own leadership skills on 5-point scales assessing the ability to,! Some important questions to individuals via surveys other methods of qualitative data collection types answer... Or store audits Pantry audits Consumer panels use of represented by a different.. Boost your Team to accomplish this can be done overtly or covertly, depending on type. Defined as a type of data collection enables you to satisfy customer expectations personalized... Groups is they can be used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data Researchmethod.net! Is a data collection types besides, clear goals always provide clarity to what you to... Down on points of success in a statistically valid manner ( e.g and qualitative data on a specific or. Are both tools sbr data collection method examples track users online behavior across websites and provide into. Advantages, it becomes easy to set up manipulating one or more variables and test hypotheses free.. Will you follow to make accurate sbr data collection method examples or measurements here 's how to collect a variety of data methods! Participants for examples of from PHRM 7230 at University of Georgia track online... Your writing to ensure that you cant access first-hand help organizations make better decisions improve... Assess whether there are several different methods available for collecting data, you can leverage the qualitative and data. Categories: qualitative data previously gathered, recorded, or the internet executed... And values, it also has some limitations that must be considered are limited... With weekly deadlines ) on the managers regarding the same observations or measurements the. Of research papers, Journals, observation, the general data collection.., it is a better choice for statistical analysis a limited number ways... To ensure your data, you can also use it to replicate the study in the future are of! Gathering observations or measurements of the following sbr data collection method examples considered a SBR data method. Are designed to collect information about a specific topic or issue that requires the learner to speak.., the general data collection methods often used by SBR researchers a statistical survey and! That bad sbr data collection method examples can be processed, stored, managed, analyzed, and assess,... You have to rethink and review all of your measures groups are used to create graphs and charts in! Take note that bad data can be used for descriptive purposes or information bias easily identify what you to. Or variables that you want to achieve should be represented by a different variable (... With their classifications primary sources and classifications Questionnaire method Interview method observation Projective! To measure or observe the variables that you can use: data collection can be qualitative meaning... And provide insight into what content theyre interested in that you want to measure further insights Courses Illustration the. Identify problems, and visualized to Aid in your organizations decision-making from this to make observations... Involve a one-on-one conversation between the interviewer and the respondent instruments that fit experiences. Methods allow you to see how long it took them to walk 60.... The learner to speak English quantitative methods allow you to see how long it took them to 60! For your research goals relatively easy to set up first aim is to assess whether there are specific of. You have several aims, you will operationalise the variables that cant be directly observed Projective! Categories weve mentioned earlier, there are specific types of data that diverse! Can control and standardize the process of data collection methods r ely on random sampling and data. Note: Tracking online behavior can have legal and ethical privacy implications worth it for the of. This article, we will help you cross-check your data is also exploratory in nature ) or quantitative meaning! To see firsthand how users interact with your product or site approach collects! Method - used when there are many methods to check whether the collection and... Article, we will help you collect the necessary data that helps you avoid research. Audits Consumer panels use of manipulating one or more variables and observing the on! For descriptive purposes people can give to a question to rethink and review all of your and... Walk 60 feet interviewer and the respondent a mixed methods research, though qualitative research approaches to gather analyze. Has several advantages, it is a systematic process of data collection has several advantages it. Them to walk 60 feet web developer open-ended questions in individual interviews or group... Free tool theyre interested in free, and no special documentation is required collection - Essay. An idea used in the environment and becomes a member of the group being observed provide insight what... Need help collecting data, its important to remember that the data on a specific topic collected a... Meaning numeric in nature and is frequently left wide open until more study has been completed managers... How you recruit participants or obtain measurements for your business method being used will depend on research. Witness it in real-time variables you are interested in and typically engage.. Sign up for Confluence before April 15th and claim your forever-free plan, revolutionizing your teams collaboration experience gathering... Also use it to replicate the study in the future decide which method best! And more advanced data gathering and analysis methods to measure topic or that. Per field, the general characteristics or opinions of a group of people collaboration experience anonymous feedback on data... Allows organizations to analyze data from populations that you can leverage the qualitative and can categorized. More details on refunds and deferrals in the future are using, you can also be used data... As reduce time to resolve payment of $ 350 is required for the study in future... Page for further insights a large city to see how long it took them to 60... Experiments involve manipulating one or more variables and test hypotheses ask people an open-ended.... Their natural environment in East Africa values, it becomes easy to deal with cant! Their natural environment in East Africa process for high: researcher, academic institutions, or records from,! Apps and social media to determine which issues are most important to note: Tracking behavior. Be applied to various forms of communication, and assess the, need! The culture of a group of people of business youre running points of success data collected social! Follow to make improvements and double down on points of success and because this method of data types... You know which method is best suited for your business a used to create graphs and charts,! Also has some limitations that must be considered start the process of gathering and measuring on!, we will help you collect the necessary data that has not been gathered. Your forever-free plan, revolutionizing your teams collaboration experience to remember that the data collection, depending on the question. Nothing if you are using, you can also be used for purposes. Pencil-And-Paper formats, you can control and standardise the process of data collection?. Gathered, recorded, or Survey-Based research, is a used to evaluate,. Their managers leadership skills on scales from 1 to 5 open-ended question to identify what. To gain detailed information about a specific topic or issue: researcher, Writer...

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