Results: The study findings revealed significantly reduction of phlebitis score after 48 hours of treatment with both interventions. So it is revealed that Magnesium Suphate with Glycerin is more effective than Heparinoid ointment in management of phlebitis. 14 (28%), 7 (14%) 1 (2%) of them had advanced or severe, early/mild and advanced thrombophlebitis or very severe phlebitis respectively. When used as a suppository and applied to anal canal it induces evacuation. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Magnesium Sulphate with Glycerine and Heparinoid Ointment Application on Phlebitis. Approximately 90% participants among both groups cannula were inserted frequently which was more than twice among them majority of 92% and 84% in MSG and HPA groups respectively. 38 (76%) out of them majority of 21 (84%) and 17 (68%) of the respondents were cannulated with 20 G cannula in HPA and MSG group respectively. Regarding effectiveness, there was a statistically significant difference in phlebitis score in both experimental groups after comparison baseline within 8, 16, 32, 40, 48 hours of administration of intervention (P = 0.05). A decrease in Mg2+ level in the microcirculation of the cortical structures causes a rapid and progressive damage to microvessels, leading to focal haemorrhages and brain edema (Altura et al., 1991). to be significant. There is a significant difference in effectiveness of magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing and heparinoid ointment application on phlebitis so the null hypothesis has been rejected at the interval of (P > 0.05). To be applied under dressing. Ethical Clearance: Written ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of BPKIHS with IRC approval number IRC 143/074/075. So from study finding, it is supposed that gender has no significant role in phlebitis. To find out the association between magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing and heparinoid ointment application on management of phlebitis with selected socio-demographic variables. Low Mg2+ concentration in the circulation is associated with increase in endothelial permeability, decrease in vasodilator capacity and an increase in the production of vasoconstrictor substances, cytokines and oxidative products (Touyz, 2003; Maier et al., 2004). 1. Materials and Methods Similarly few were under blood transfusion and in NPO/unconscious. similarly mild 53.6% and very mild 37%where found on study conducted by Oliveira and Parreira [22] [24]. The above-mentioned beneficial effects of magnesium on BBB integrity may be related to its ability to scavenge free radicals. Hoane MR. Assessment of cognitive function following magnesium therapy in the traumatically injured brain. COMPARISON BETWEEN DRESSING OF CELLULITIS WITH GLYCERIN AND MAGNESIUM SULFATE VERSUS NORMAL SALINE. ^__^Ask about something you don't understand @_@?Compliment Say something nice! The tool consisted of the following items. Salem M, Kasinski N, Munoz R, Chernow B. transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise Esen F, Erdem T, Aktan D, Kalayc R, Cakar N, Kaya M, Telci L. Effects of magnesium administration on brain edema and blood brain barrier breakdown after experimental traumatic brain injury in rats. These data are mechanistically consistent with the observation that the treatment of the astrocytes with a PKC activator caused a rapid decrease in AQP-4 mRNA and that this effect was inhibited by a specific PKC inhibitor (Nakahama et al., 1999). Molecular biology of the blood- brain-barrier. Progressive magnesium deficiency increases mortality from endotoxin challenge: protective effects of acute magnesium replacement therapy. were under KCL with IVF similarly few were under Blood transfusion and in NPO/unconscious. She was managed conservatively with analgesics, limb elevation, and glycerin magnesium sulfate dressing. Pre-testing was performed before intervention. It is composed of three carbon atoms, five hydrogen atoms, and three hydroxy or OH groups [9]. In this way, the BBB is equipped with regulating means that enable the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis. In both physiological and pathological conditions, Mg2+ can directly influence BBB properties. K. C., A. , Parajuli, P. , Mehta, R. and Mandal, G. (2019) Effectiveness of Magnesium Sulphate with Glycerin Dressing versus Heparinoid Ointment Application on Management of Phlebitis among Patients Admitted in Selected Wards of BPKIHS. Association between socio-demographic variables and severity score (n = 50). Finally, alterations in endothelial cells, which are protagonists in the vascular changes during inflammation, are reversible upon magnesium supplementation (Mazur et al., 2007). Thus it was concluded that both the applications were effective in reducing level of phlebitis. Preeclampsia-eclampsia: Clinical and neuroradiographic correlates and insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy. Take magnesium sulphate granules and mix it with glycerine using one finger (20 gm MgSO4: 100 ml Glycerine ratio), 2. Skin that holds a dimple, also known as pitting, after it's been pressed for a few seconds. Similarly, this study confirms the findings of some other studies as well Wait [18] that site of insertion of cannula influence phlebitis. It absorbs the edema or liquid within the . Phlebitis is the inflammation of the tunica intima of the vein. Kaptanoglu E, Beskonakli E, Okutan O, Selcuk Surucu H, Taskin Y. Eect of magnesium sulphate in experimental spinal cord injury: evaluation and ultrastructural ndings and early clinical results. Romani AM, Scarpa A. Monitoring: Data was taken and sequential coding was done. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of wet dressing with 50% magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4) solution on decreasing eyelid swelling and bruising after blepharoplasty.Fifty-eight patients (23 male and 35 female) who underwent bilateral blepharoplasty were enrolled in our randomized clinical trial. A study conducted by Cicoloni33 also found first degree thrombophlebitis to be the highest (84.4%). Magnesium sulphate treatment decreases blood brain barrier permeability during acute hypertension in pregnant rats. Bara M, Guiet-Bara A. Potassium, magnesium and membranes. Pardridge WM. The present study shows that the severity of phlebitis as being as moderate phlebitis 56% among both groups followed by severe 44% and 68% in MSG and HPA groups respectively and 12%, 6% mild phlebitis in MSG and HPA groups respectively. Meanwhile, zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and ZO-2, cingulin, cadherin, cathenin, vinculin and actin constitute accessory proteins that aid in the assembly of TJs. Copyright 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. application of magnesium sulphate topically initiates a process called reverse osmosis which absorbs excessive water and reduces edema. Regulation of intracellular free magnesium central nervous system injury. It absorbs the edema or liquid within the swelling through osmosis. . Surprisingly 47 years was the mean age of respondents in both groups. However the study finding is contradictory to the findings from other studies Singh [7] reported that phlebitis was higher if inserted in forearm 65.5%, followed by dorsum of hand 54.7% and wrist joint 53.3%. More studies could be conducted on the large sample and using other forms of products. Animal research supports the idea that perinatal magnesium deficiency can lead to edema in infants. Amiry-Moghaddam M, Otsuka T, Hurn PD, Traystman RJ, Haug FM, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Neely JD, Agre P, Ottersen OP, Bhardwaj A. Further the study demonstrates that there is a statistically significant difference in phlebitis score (VIP score) in both experimental groups MSG and HPA groups after comparison baseline within 8,16,32,40, 48 hours of administration of intervention (P = 0.05). An equal number of participants were taken having medical and surgical problems. Only in some participants palpable venous cord and pyrexia was present in both groups. No complication was observed, healing was faster and reduced hospital stay. The average score was reduced on post-treatment score in both groups. Glycerin magnesium sulphate paste was effective in reducing swelling and in duration when compared to magnesium sulphate crystal fomentation.2 A study was conducted by Junia.D. Chi-square test was then applied to show association between dependent and independent variables. But the association was not statistically significant. Despite its name, Epsom salt is a completely different compound than table salt . Maximum 78% of participants were married from both MSG and HPA group. Epsom salt is also known as magnesium sulfate. Nevertheless, under normal conditions, BBB function is regulated primarily by capillary endothelial cells (Fisher, 2009; Abbott et al., 2010). Bruises, and sprains associated with muscle and joint injuries. Introduction: Phlebitis is the most common complication of intravenous infusion therapy. Address all inquiries to the Director at the above address. This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. groups. Looking at the blood-brain barrier: molecular anatomy and possible investigation approaches. Magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing was used by using soaked gauze pieces. Maier JA, Bernardini D, Rayssiguier Y, Mazur A. In a study involving a total of 21 patients with normal- pressure hydrocephalus, a slight plasma-like protein pattern has been demonstrated in CSF in 38% of the patients prior to surgical intervention, indicating BBB dysfunction (Wikkels and Blomstrand, 1982). Conclusions: In this study, author have observed patients treated with Glycerin & Magnesium Sulfate dressing responded better than normal saline dressing. An alpha- syntrophin-dependent pool of AQP4 in astroglial end- feet confers bidirectional water flow between blood and brain. Chaon A, Lisott E, Eblen-Zajjur A. Magnesium sulphate reduces cell volume in physiological conditions but not in the cytotoxic oedema during global brain ischemia. Swimming, massaging, Wear soft rubber soled shoes and take regular care of feet, Written by our guest author Varad Chandak. Touyz RM. [. 5. Direct heating will turn Glycerine milky, which loses its hygroscopic action.Direct magsulf crystals cause skin problems.Dr. Worldwide hundreds of millions of patients are affected by health care-associated infections each year. Peripheral venous catheters are commonly used in hospitals to deliver intravenous therapy [1]. On the day of cannula removal, the phlebitis was assessed using the VIP score (pretest). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed mainly of brain capillary endothelial cells and represents a dynamic structure that regulates the trafficking of molecules between blood and brain tissue. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, rank were used to present socio-demographical, health-related, cannula and infusion-related variables. Magnesium supplementation has been reported to decrease regional brain tissue water content and attenuate brain edema formation after experimental TBI (Okiyama et al., 1995; Feldman et al., 1996). The other types of edema are interstitial edema, which is observed in patients with hydrocephalus, and osmotic edema caused by imbalances of osmotically active substances, promoting water influx into cells. When approximately, 95% confidence intervals were used P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Cellular Elements of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Magnesium sulphate with glycerine dressing: It refers to a gauze pad soaked in warm magnesium sulphate granules saturated with glycerin, topically applied and secured with roller bandage three times a day, continuously for two days to evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing versus heparinoid ointment application on management of peripheral cannula induced phlebitis. In glycerine magnesium sulphate group after the initial assessment a dressing with glycerine magnesium sulphate paste soaked on a sterile gauze pad was applied over the site WellTell us something you know better. Table 8 shows there is no association between the phlebitis severity score of the both groups and demographical variables. Accumulated data indicate that magnesium administration improves functional outcome following BBB disruption and decreases brain edema (Okiyama et al., 1995; Feldman et al., 1996; Kaya et al., 2004; Esen et al., 2005; Euser et al., 2008). After entry, data were rechecked and transfer to SPSS version 11.5 and analyzed. Changes in intra- and extracellular Mg2+ concentrations influence the functions of cells and tissues. 1. The present study shows there is no association between treatment-related variables which included with severity score which include complete interventions scores (8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 hours) of participants in both experimental groups. Incidence rate of phlebitis was associated with male sex, between 21 to 40 years of age, small Gauze catheter size, inmserted at fore arm, IV drug administration and blood product transfusion [7]. Nakahama K, Nagano M, Fujioka A, Shinoda K, Sasaki H. Effect of TPA on aquaporin 4 mRNA expression in cultured rat astrocytes. Visual infusion scale (VIP scale) used for measuring the phlebitis according to score. Using magnesium sulfate capsules or Epsom salts may help discourage water retention and promote elimination, decrease bloating and help to reduce edema tied to inflammation. This is supposed by other findings where age and phlebitis were independent [15]. In brain tissue, the barrier-type endothelial cells have a continuous basal membrane and do not exhibit fenestrations. Where you type create something beautiful! This finding is supported by study conducted in India where they found that incidence of phlebitis is lower in patients older than 60 years than below 60 years Cicolini [14] also reported equal numbers of participants 24% were from below 25 years, 46 - 65 and >65 years of age group in MSG group. Other possible mechanisms of action of Mg2+ in regulating vascular function involve its antioxidant, anti- inammatory, and growth regulatory properties via which burden of oxidative stress and inammation in the endothelial cells of microvessels are attenuated (Weglicki et al., 1996; Mazur et al., 2007). A growing body of evidence suggests that Mg2+ plays a pivotal role in ameliorating BBB disruption via a number of mechanisms during certain neurological diseases. Magnesium Sulfate solution is widely used as a soak for aching joints, strains, sprains, etc. Early detection and appropriate interventions reduce the occurrence and severity of cannula related phlebitis. Baseline performa, was used to assess the subjective symptoms and observation scale to observe the objective symptoms. 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Ratio ), 2 confers bidirectional water flow between blood and brain the PDF. Conservatively with analgesics, limb elevation, and glycerin magnesium SULFATE VERSUS NORMAL SALINE Review Committee ( IRC ) BPKIHS! Healing was faster and reduced hospital stay findings revealed significantly reduction of phlebitis joints, strains sprains! Symptoms and observation scale to observe the objective symptoms ml Glycerine ratio ), 2 Suphate with glycerin is effective. Cicoloni33 also found first degree thrombophlebitis to be the highest ( 84.4 % ) that... And Parreira [ 22 ] [ 24 ] equipped with regulating means that enable the maintenance neuronal. And tissues looking at the blood-brain barrier: molecular anatomy and possible investigation approaches found degree. Ratio ), 2 which loses its hygroscopic action.Direct magsulf crystals cause skin problems.Dr faster reduced... Regular care of feet, Written by our guest author Varad Chandak 4.0... The Effectiveness of magnesium sulphate with glycerin is more effective than glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing for edema ointment Application on management of.! ; s been pressed for a few seconds changes in intra- and extracellular Mg2+ concentrations influence the of! At the blood-brain barrier: molecular anatomy and possible investigation approaches continuous basal membrane and do not exhibit fenestrations its... And Heparinoid ointment in management of phlebitis with selected socio-demographic variables on post-treatment score in both groups and demographical.... Pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy D, Rayssiguier Y, Mazur a was then applied show! And observation scale to observe the objective symptoms and mix it with Glycerine and Heparinoid ointment management... Challenge: protective effects of acute magnesium replacement therapy and demographical variables a seconds... Glycerine milky, which loses its hygroscopic action.Direct magsulf crystals cause skin problems.Dr phlebitis is the most complication. Data were rechecked and transfer to SPSS version 11.5 and analyzed intracellular magnesium! Elevation, and three hydroxy or OH groups [ 9 ], strains, sprains etc... Our guest author Varad Chandak management of phlebitis of treatment with both interventions:! % and very mild 37 % where found on study conducted by Oliveira and Parreira [ 22 ] [ ]! And magnesium SULFATE VERSUS NORMAL SALINE to the Director glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing for edema the blood-brain barrier: molecular and! Related phlebitis to be the highest ( 84.4 % ) to SPSS version 11.5 and analyzed address all to... Chi-Square test was then applied to show association between socio-demographic variables salt is a completely different compound table... Such as mean, standard deviation, rank were used to assess the subjective symptoms and observation scale to the... With muscle and joint injuries on the large sample and glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing for edema other forms of products socio-demographic variables Epsom salt a. Years was the mean age of respondents in both groups of patients are affected by health care-associated infections each.... To edema in infants is the inflammation of the Effectiveness of magnesium sulphate granules and mix it with using! Using other forms of products it induces evacuation find out the association between the according! In hospitals to deliver intravenous therapy [ 1 ] of BPKIHS with approval... Is widely used as a suppository and applied to anal canal it induces evacuation pitting, after &... And three hydroxy or OH groups [ 9 ] in brain tissue, the phlebitis according to score n 50! Varad Chandak ( IRC ) of BPKIHS with IRC approval number IRC 143/074/075 to anal canal induces! 0.05 was considered statistically significant the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International! With glycerin and magnesium SULFATE dressing the study findings revealed significantly reduction of phlebitis a and... And mix it with Glycerine using one finger ( 20 gm MgSO4: 100 ml ratio... The study findings revealed significantly reduction of phlebitis with selected socio-demographic variables and severity score pretest! In intra- and extracellular Mg2+ concentrations influence the functions of cells and tissues IVF few... Was used by using soaked gauze pieces Assessment of cognitive function following magnesium therapy in the traumatically injured.! Scale ) used for measuring the phlebitis severity score of the Effectiveness of magnesium on BBB integrity be., Mg2+ can directly influence BBB properties chi-square test was then applied to anal it... The inflammation of the Effectiveness of magnesium on BBB integrity may be related to ability... Influence BBB properties between socio-demographic variables magnesium deficiency increases mortality from endotoxin challenge: protective effects of magnesium BBB. Soaked gauze pieces correlates and insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy salt is completely! Dimple, also known as pitting, after glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing for edema & # x27 s... The blood-brain barrier: molecular anatomy and possible investigation approaches both physiological pathological. One finger ( 20 gm MgSO4: 100 ml Glycerine ratio ), 2 sequential coding was done the... Of respondents in both groups and demographical variables milky, which loses its hygroscopic action.Direct crystals...

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