GI: dry mouth, constipation, nausea, vomiting. Clonidine may be taken with or without food. [89], Clonidine was introduced in 1966. /SM 0.02 Following intravenous administration, Clonidine displays biphasic disposition with a distribution half-life of about 20 minutes and an elimination half-life ranging from 12 to 16 hours. Beta blockers never should be used alone to treat clonidine withdrawal as alpha vasoconstriction would still continue. This binding has a sympatholytic effect, suppresses release of norepinephrine, ATP, renin, and neuropeptide Y which if released would increase vascular resistance. stream Monitor for fever as 0000010744 00000 n PB - F.A. Other studies in patients have provided evidence of a reduction in plasma renin activity and in the excretion of aldosterone and catecholamines. The likelihood of such reactions to discontinuation of Clonidine therapy appears to be greater after administration of higher doses or continuation of concomitant beta-blocker treatment and special caution is therefore advised in these situations. Patients should be instructed not to discontinue therapy without consulting their physician. endobj Rx only It has specificity towards the presynaptic 2 receptors in the vasomotor center in the brainstem. Prevents pain signal transmission to the CNS by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the spinal cord. Generic name: Clonidine hydrochloride Clonidine lowers blood pressure by decreasing the levels of certain chemicals in your blood. . 2. Increases in resorption were observed at much higher dose levels (40 times the oral MRDHD on a mg/kg basis; 4 to 8 times the MRDHD on a mg/m2 basis) in mice and rats treated on gestation days 1 to 14 (lowest dose employed in the study was 500 mcg/kg). /ca 1.0 Brand names: Catapres, Kapvay AU - Vallerand,April Hazard, Bottles of 100 NDC 59651-234-01 AUROBINDO 100 Tablets, NDC 59651-233-01 F.A. Revised: 06/2021, NDC 59651-232-01 Please click Continue to continue the affiliation switch, otherwise click Cancel to cancel signing in. Slowing of the pulse rate has been observed in most patients given Clonidine, but the drug does not alter normal hemodynamic response to exercise. Additive sedation with CNS depressants, including alcohol, The frequency of CNS depression may be higher in children than adults. To hear audio pronunciation of this topic, purchase a subscription or log in. << Study Resources. Psychogenic cough is the only one with an assigned ICD-9 code. Clonidine Hydrochloride This collection of drugs, procedures, and test information is derived from Daviss Drug, MGH Clinical Anesthesia Procedures, Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests, and PRIME Journals. Improvement In view of the retinal degeneration seen in rats, eye examinations were performed during clinical trials in 908 patients before, and periodically after, the start of Clonidine therapy. MEDICATION __________________________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________ [9]:201203, Clonidine also acts as an agonist at imidazoline-1 (I1) receptors in the brain, and it is hypothesized that this effect may contribute to reducing blood pressure by reducing signaling in the sympathetic nervous system; this effect acts upstream of the central 2 agonist effect of clonidine. Reproduction studies performed in rabbits at doses up to approximately 3 times the oral maximum recommended daily human dose (MRDHD) of Clonidine hydrochloride tablets produced no evidence of a teratogenic or embryotoxic potential in rabbits. << Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the CNS, which results in decreased sympathetic outflow inhibiting cardioacceleration and vasoconstriction centers. [92] It was marketed as a combination drug with chlortalidone as Arkamin-H, Bemplas, Catapres-DIU, and Clorpres, and in combination with bendroflumethiazide as Pertenso.[92]. Clonidine is sometimes given with other medications. anticoagulant therapy, or bleeding problems. Tajerian M, Millecamps M, Stone LS. AUROBINDO 100 Tablets, Catapres, Kapvay, Catapres-TTS, Duraclon, Nexiclon XR, amlodipine, lisinopril, aspirin, metoprolol, acetaminophen, losartan, tramadol, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, naproxen. if feeling well. Clonidine Hydrochloride Tablets USP, 0.2 mg are yellow colored, oval, biconvex tablets, debossed with CL lip break line 72 on one side and plain on other side. (1977) found a narrower range of half-lives, between 6.7 - 13 hours (average 8.6 hours),[1] while an N=8 study by Keraen et al. Clonidine lowers blood pressure by decreasing the levels of certain chemicals in your blood. while the melatonin-treated group showed that 2- adrenergic agonists, such as clonidine and tizani- dine, decreased wakefulness with little effect on rest. A Davis's Drug Guide subscription is required to. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate remain essentially unchanged. Clonidine (Catapres, Catapres-TTS) | Davis's Drug Guide Davis's Drug Guide cloNIDine General **BEERS Drug** Pronunciation: klon -i-deen To hear audio pronunciation of this topic, purchase a subscription or log in. For best results, configure your browser to use the Adobe PDF plug-in to open online PDF files. Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, hepatitis, malaise, mild transient abnormalities in liver function tests, nausea, parotitis, pseudo-obstruction (including colonic pseudo-obstruction), salivary gland pain, and vomiting. Some or all previous antihypertensive treatment may have to be continued, particularly in patients with more severe forms of hypertension. ( Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. 0000001013 00000 n [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Clonidine is also a mild sedative, and can be used as premedication before surgery or procedures. If you take different doses of this medicine at each dosing time, it may be best to take the larger dose at bedtime. The chemical name is 2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride. . Want to regain access to Davis's Drug Guide? [10] Severe side effects may include hallucinations, heart arrhythmias, and confusion. 6) Note: Your username may be different from the email address used to register your account. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Clonidine in delirium is poorly studied, but a pilot study showed that the use of clonidine infusion during the weaning period after surgery for type-A aortic dissection might reduce the severity of delirium [ 21 ]. Rx only Prescribing Information . Hypersensitivity; Epiduralinjection site infection, (clonidine hydrochloride, USP) Oral Antihypertensive Tablets of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg . When discontinuing therapy with Clonidine hydrochloride tablets, the physician should reduce the dose gradually over 2 to 4 days to avoid withdrawal symptomatology. The choice of step 2 drugs (atenolol, clonidine, or reserpine) was at the physician's discretion. [10] Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is not recommended. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr Drug class: antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting, ANALYSIS(59651-232, 59651-233, 59651-234), MANUFACTURE(59651-232, 59651-233, 59651-234). This div only appears when the trigger link is hovered over. DESCRIPTION . CloNIDine. Class. Background: Although the risk of a severe complication related to anesthesia administration is extremely low, minor side-effects are common. How to . Each kidney contains 1.0-1.5 million small tubes called nephrons. Rx only Enter your email below and we'll resend your username to you. xbbc`b``3 1@ " [82] Work with liver microsomes shows in the liver clonidine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 (66%), CYP1A2 (10-20%), and CYP3A (0-20%) with negligible contributions from the less abundant enzymes CYP3A5, CYP1A1, and CYP3A4. CATEGORY CLASS ______________________________________________________________________. endobj [10], Clonidine may be effective for lowering blood pressure in people with resistant hypertension. Comments: 0000001193 00000 n Drug class: Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting. In hypertension caused by pheochromocytoma, no therapeutic effect of Clonidine hydrochloride tablets can be expected. Bottles of 100 NDC 59651-232-01 [9]:201203, Plasma concentration of clonidine exceeding 2.0 ng/mL does not provide further blood pressure reduction. When taken for sleep, it may be used at bedtime only. Decreased pain. Clonidine is also available as a transdermal patch worn on the skin. especially at beginning of -Maintenance dose: If, after 1 to 2 weeks the desired reduction in blood pressure is not achieved, increase the dosage by adding another 0.1 mg/24 hr patch or changing to a larger system Indications Topical management of persistent (nontransient) facial erythema due to rosacea. 1, and 0.3 mg contains FD&C Blue No. Musculoskeletal: Leg cramps and muscle or joint pain. antihypertensives Pharm. stream [38], Clonidine also has several off-label uses, and has been prescribed to treat psychiatric disorders including stress, sleep disorders,[28] hyperarousal caused by post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, and other anxiety disorders. Dermatological: Alopecia, angioneurotic edema, hives, pruritus, rash, and urticaria. Monitor heart rate in patients receiving Clonidine concomitantly with agents known to affect sinus node function or AV nodal conduction, e.g., digitalis, calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers. [35] In infants with neonatal withdrawal syndrome, clonidine may improve the neonatal intensive care unit Network Neurobehavioral Score. You may have withdrawal symptoms if you stop using this medicine suddenly. 0000010583 00000 n [50] It can also be used to treat facial flushing and redness associated with rosacea. During long term therapy, cardiac output tends to return to control values, while peripheral resistance remains decreased. [60] In a clonidine suppression test, plasma catecholamine levels are measured before and 3 hours after a 0.3 mg oral test dose has been given to the patient. DB - Davis's Drug Guide 1. Assess peripheral edema using girth measurements, volume displacement, and measurement of pitting edema (See Appendix N). The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. They activate vitamin D, which helps to maintain strong bones, and produce erythropoietin, a hormone that is vital for the production of red blood cells. other hand, activation of -adrenergic receptors, through exposure to clenbuterol and . [21][22][23] While not as effective as methylphenidate in treating ADHD, clonidine does offer some benefit;[24] it can also be useful in combination with stimulant medications. c,(LK. Gastric lavage may be indicated following recent and/or large ingestions. adrenergics (centrally acting) If used to treat cancer pain, use appropriate pain scales (visual analogue scales, others) to document whether this drug is successful in helping manage the patient's pain. Do not confuse carvedilol with captopril. [25] Some studies show clonidine to be more sedating than guanfacine, which may be better at bedtime along with an arousing stimulant in the morning. Body as a Whole: Fatigue, fever, headache, pallor, weakness, and withdrawal syndrome. References Makic, M.M.G.L.B.A.M.Z.M.B. [88] A similar N=5 study by Davies et al. In. 2. week 3 community health discussion.docx. To solve the most common PDF-display issues, follow the steps in Troubleshoot viewing PDF files on the web. /Height 88 Instruct patient to take clonidine We're glad you have enjoyed Davis's Drug Guide! Vallerand, April Hazard., et al. A Anesthesia Central subscription is required to, Anesthesia for Pediatric Surgery - Induction Techniques, Anesthesia for Pediatric Surgery - Pharmacotherapy, Evaluating the Patient Before Anesthesia - Preoperative Medical Optimization, Intravenous and Inhalation Anesthetics - Pharmacology of Intravenous Anesthetics, Pain Management - Treatment of Acute Pain in the Perioperative Setting, Perioperative Hemodynamic Control - Adrenergic Pharmacology (Table 20.2), Perioperative Hemodynamic Control - Adrenergic Receptor Physiology (Table 20.1), Perioperative Hemodynamic Control - -Adrenergic Antagonists (Table 20.3). 1 0 obj [37], Clonidine has some role in the treatment of spasticity, acting principally by inhibiting excessive sensory transmission below the level of injury. 4) In rats, however, doses as low as 1/3 the oral MRDHD (1/15 the MRDHD on a mg/m2 basis) of Clonidine were associated with increased resorptions in a study in which dams were treated continuously from 2 months prior to mating. Pregnancy could be harder to achieve while either parent is using this medicine. [34] The sedation effect can also be useful. Notify physician if these changes become problematic. Otherwise it is hidden from view. 1 5 . phenomenon. Clonidine Hydrochloride Disclaimer: These citations have been automatically generated based on the information we have and it may not be 100% accurate. [8] Clonidine was patented in 1961 and came into medical use in 1966. Dizziness or drowsiness can cause falls, accidents, or severe injuries. [10] It is used by mouth, by injection, or as a skin patch. Per JNC 8 guidelines, it is not a first-line agent for the treatment of essential hypertension. hr, duration 812 hr. /Creator ( w k h t m l t o p d f 0 . DP - Unbound Medicine Liu HJ, Gao XZ, Liu XM, Xia M, Li WY, Jin Y. -Maximum dose: 2.4 mg orally per day in divided doses F. Nursing Diagnosis Handbook. anticoagulant therapy, or bleeding problems. [65], Clonidine therapy should generally be gradually tapered when discontinuing therapy to avoid rebound effects from occurring. Plasma Clonidine levels were 60 ng/ml after 1 hour, 190 ng/ml after 1.5 hours, 370 ng/ml after 2 hours, and 120 ng/ml after 5.5 and 6.5 hours. 1-16 of 39 results for "davis drug guide 2017" Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses May 25, Read and Download Apa Citation For Davis Drug Guide Free Ebooks in PDF format [] day. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Clonidine pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings, Drug class: antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting. endobj Vallerand, A. H., Sanoski, C. A., & Quiring, C. (2023). Fertility of male or female rats was unaffected by Clonidine doses as high as 150 mcg/kg (approximately 3 times MRDHD). } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br Davis's Drug Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals, https://fadavispt.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1873§ionid=139006200. Catapres is not approved for use by anyone younger than 18 years old. un estudio correlacion. [11] If rapidly stopped, withdrawal effects may occur. Decrease in BP. -If the patch loosens during 7-day wearing, the adhesive cover should be applied directly over the system to ensure good adhesion. [53][54] Clonidine has also been used to treat refractory diarrhea associated with irritable bowel syndrome, fecal incontinence, diabetes, diarrhea associated with opioid withdrawal, intestinal failure, neuroendocrine tumors, and cholera. xb```b````a`` |@1V e;WrjeXp\KXc$MK#AIfs E\P- )U@ZE %%EOF Tablets, USP endstream endobj 214 0 obj <>/Metadata 33 0 R/Pages 32 0 R/StructTreeRoot 35 0 R/Type/Catalog/Lang(EN-US)>> endobj 215 0 obj <>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 216 0 obj <> endobj 217 0 obj <> endobj 218 0 obj [/Indexed 229 0 R 255 230 0 R] endobj 219 0 obj <> endobj 220 0 obj <>stream Shareable Link. Package insert / product label Learn more. 0000007364 00000 n Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an 2-adrenergic agonist[9] medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. Nonpharmacologic approaches to treatment of hypertension were recommended according to national guidelines. When given intravenously, clonidine can temporarily increase blood pressure by stimulating 1 receptors in smooth muscles in blood vessels. To make sure clonidine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: heart disease or severe coronary artery disease; a heart rhythm disorder, slow heartbeats; high or low blood pressure, or a history of fainting spells; pheochromocytoma (tumor of the adrenal gland); if you have ever had an allergic reaction to a Catapres TTS transdermal skin patch. 2. The inhibition is accomplished by preventing the secretion of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. [3] Following a 0.3 mg oral dose, a small study of five patients by Dollery et al (1976) found half-lives ranging between 6.3 - 23.4 hours (mean 12.7). :B( ] Qz( ?s ?}~to"??xCw ?=GF? [11] Clonidine lowers blood pressure by stimulating 2 receptors in the brain, which results in relaxation of many arteries. [47] It has also been studied as a way to calm acute manic episodes. Access up-to-date medical information for less than. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the, CNS, which results in decreased sympathetic, outflow inhibiting cardioacceleration and. 0000001316 00000 n outflow inhibiting cardioacceleration and The following is the structural formula: Clonidine hydrochloride is an odorless, bitter, white or almost white crystalline powder. [63], The principal adverse effects of clonidine are sedation, dry mouth, and hypotension (low blood pressure). UR - https://www.drugguide.com/ddo/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51165/all/cloNIDine Davis AT Collection. Its use, however, is mainly as a second or third line agent, due to side effects such as hypotension, bradycardia, and drowsiness. 6 years and older: 213 0 obj <> endobj 5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP VISIV Container DESCRIPTION 5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP solution is sterile and nonpyrogenic. 0000003151 00000 n /CreationDate (D:20220816152940+03'00') /Producer ( Q t 5 . << /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB -The transdermal patch should be applied to a hairless area of intact skin on the upper outer arm or chest. Discontinuation of concurrent clonidine should be gradual, with carvedilol discontinued first over 1-2 wk with limitation of physical activity; then, after several days, discontinue clonidine. Generic name: clonidine (oral) [KLOE-ni-deen] On the greater latency as well as a higher cognitive retention index [109]. [80] This effect has been used as part of a "growth hormone test," which can assist with diagnosing growth hormone deficiency in children. therapy. -When discontinuing therapy, taper daily dose by no more than 0.1 mg every 3 to 7 days. Misc: withdrawal phenomenon. Anesthesia Central is an all-in-one web and mobile solution for treating patients before, during, and after surgery. Available for Android and iOS devices. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. *dQ_oJiB Causal relationship and relevance for Clonidine oral tablets have not been established. This is especially important for a child taking clonidine. USES: This medication is used alone or with other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Version: 10.01. amlodipine, lisinopril, aspirin, metoprolol, acetaminophen, losartan, tramadol, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, naproxen. If your institution subscribes to this resource, and you don't have a MyAccess Profile, please contact your library's reference desk for information on how to gain access to this resource from off-campus. 0000007034 00000 n Rx only vasoconstriction centers. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web. To help you remember, take it at the same times each day. [4], Because clonidine suppresses sympathetic outflow, resulting in lower blood pressure, sudden discontinuation can result in acute hypertension due to a rebound in sympathetic outflow. Aurobindo Pharma Limited Hyderabad500 032, India Rare instances of hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebrovascular accidents and death have been reported after Clonidine withdrawal. [58], Light-activated derivatives of clonidine (adrenoswitches) have been developed for research purposes and shown to control pupillary reflex with light in blind mice by topical application. Dialysis is not likely to significantly enhance the elimination of Clonidine. The largest overdose reported to date involved a 28-year old male who ingested 100 mg of Clonidine hydrochloride powder. TEVA-CLONIDINE (clonidine hydrochloride) is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. Drug class: Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting. Report an unusually slow heart rate (HR) (bradycardia) or signs of other arrhythmias, including palpitations, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, fainting, and fatigue/weakness. -Initial dose: 0.1 mg/24 hr patch applied every 7 days The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Recommended daily total dosage range of manufacturer, as stated in Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) or another standard reference. [33] It may also be helpful in aiding smokers to quit. /Width 500 Supportive care may include atropine sulfate for bradycardia, intravenous fluids and/or vasopressor agents for hypotension and vasodilators for hypertension. [85][86], Measurements of the half-life of clonidine vary widely, between 6 and 23 hours, with the half-life being greatly affected by and prolonged in the setting of poor kidney function. PO, Transdermal: Management of mild-to-moderate hypertension. [62] Caution is warranted in women who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. CloNIDine [Internet]. Hypertension may develop early and may be followed by hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypothermia, drowsiness, decreased or absent reflexes, weakness, irritability and miosis. Download the Anesthesia Central app by Unbound Medicine, 2. ]W.f"e-_t2!hm:aC%2Rmv:}N.wSrh;*owQBeDV $%+:`HWz4?uv-?#:?kw8\b24%>3|3c/W?,rF# 6RMB:UDDhZ**W)F%H{)6*%!!DWA$y 0000007587 00000 n J Palliat Med. As Clonidine hydrochloride is excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Clonidine hydrochloride tablets are administered to a nursing woman. This list is not complete. dryness of eyes. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established in adequate and well-controlled trials (see WARNINGS, Withdrawal). Further increments of 0.1 mg per day may be made at weekly intervals if necessary until the desired response is achieved. family lawyers in zambia, lawyer web template xls, legal manager davis polk, family law youtube, real estate lawyer fees barrie, time limit for personal injury claim, unemployment attorney near me, family law revision help. Tolerance to the antihypertensive effect may develop in some patients, necessitating a reevaluation of therapy. Tell your doctor about all your other medicines, especially: other heart or blood pressure medications; any other medicine that contains clonidine. [8] Some research has suggested the half-life of clonidine is dose dependent and approximately doubles upon chronic dosing,[87] while other work contradicts this. -Initial dose: 0.1 mg orally 2 times a day (morning and bedtime) 0000003646 00000 n 1. Clonidine acutely stimulates growth hormone release in both children and adults, but does not produce a chronic elevation of growth hormone with long-term use. Epidural: Management of cancer pain unresponsive to opioids alone. [90] It was first used as a hypertension treatment under the trade name of Catapres. Dispense in tight, light-resistant container. You may experience . In patients who have developed localized contact sensitization to transdermal Clonidine, continuation of transdermal Clonidine or substitution of oral Clonidine hydrochloride therapy may be associated with the development of a generalized skin rash. 12. Caution patients with contact Select Try/Buy and follow instructions to begin your free 30-day trial. trailer Clonidine antihypertensives. This site uses cookies to provide, maintain and improve your experience. [91], As of June 2017, clonidine was marketed under many brand names worldwide: Arkamin, Aruclonin, Atensina, Catapin, Catapres, Catapresan, Catapressan, Chianda, Chlofazoline, Chlophazolin, Clonid-Ophtal, Clonidin, Clonidina, Clonidin, Clonidine, Clonidine hydrochloride, Clonidinhydrochlorid, Clonidini, Clonidinum, Clonigen, Clonistada, Clonnirit, Clophelinum, Dixarit, Duraclon, Edolglau, Haemiton, Hypodine, Hypolax, Iporel, Isoglaucon, Jenloga, Kapvay, Klofelino, Kochaniin, Lonid, Melzin, Menograine, Normopresan, Paracefan, Pinsanidine, Run Rui, and Winpress. A positive test occurs if there is no decrease in plasma levels. Decreased BP. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. [15][16], Clonidine is used to treat high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or smoking), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, and certain pain conditions. PO, onset 3060 min, peak 1 After 30 days, you will automatically be upgraded to a 1-year subscription at a discounted rate of $29.95, Type your tag names separated by a space and hit enter. medications such as diphenylbutylpiperidine or clonidine. /Length 9 0 R Also report low blood pressure (BP), especially if patient experiences dizziness or syncope. It also sees some use off-label for episodic insomnia, restless-legs syndrome, and anxiety, among other uses. The 0.1 mg tablet is equivalent to 0.087 mg of the free base. Also reported were a weakly positive Coombs test and increased sensitivity to alcohol. Descriptions Clonidine is used alone or together with other medicines to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). A systematic review and meta-analysis of its effect in humans", "Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder: Etiology, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Perspectives", https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33103317/, "Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: how to distinguish true- from false-positive test results", "CATAPRES 150 TABLETS CATAPRES AMPOULES", "Clonidine 25 mcg Tablets BP - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC)", "Understanding the Risk of Using Medications for ADHD with Respect to Physical Growth and Cardiovascular Function", "1,3-Di(2-[5-3H]tolyl)guanidine: a selective ligand that labels sigma-type receptors for psychotomimetic opiates and antipsychotic drugs", "Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists: a review of current clinical applications", "Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder", "alpha-2 and imidazoline receptor agonists.

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