2. Normally, when one turkey struts, the rest of the males in a group will also strut as they work out their dominance hierarchy within the flock. It requires extreme care and needs double-check also in some cases. To determine the gender of a baby turkey, examine its vent, which is located beneath its tail and between its legs. As poults, both male and females are very similar. Male turkeys have shiny, black feathers and brightly-colored heads. WebLets begin with the basics of distinguishing male wild turkeys (gobblers) from females (hens). Our goal is to become as self sufficient as possible and get back to a simpler lifestyle. if (width <= 900) { However, this task becomes easy in a mature bird of more than 16 weeks .Sex venting is a procedure to identify gender. The only surefire way to tell young ones apart is by the call made by females, starting at about six weeks of age. Black Australorp (Hen) bred with Blue Plymouth Rock (Rooster)? Check for aggression towards other males, 24. How Can You Tell the Difference? adElem.style.display = 'none'; Enter your email in the box below to get the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered directly to your inbox every day. Check the beard. Its really astonishing. Toms possess a long beard on their chests, with long, hair-like feathers that stick out. Since raising your own Hey there, Im Kathy! Tn. Female poults let their legs dangle, while male poults pull their legs up. It may not display this or other websites correctly. This method actually takes time and lots of practice. Well post updates of his trips from time to time. Female Rose-breasted Grosbeaks are much different in appearance than the males. Did you know you can get answers researched by wikiHow Staff? The Blue Slate turkey pictured at the beginning of the article is a tom, if you look closely you can see the beard in the lower left hand corner. Toms strut and fan out their tail feathers as part of their display. However, behavior alone is not a reliable indicator of gender. Two were hens. Females can lay from nine to 13 eggs, which they incubate for around 28 days. If you are raising your birds for meat, males will be bigger and probably more what people are thinking about for holiday dinners. As mentioned before, only males have a beard and spurs. Note that these tips are not foolproof, and it can still be difficult to determine the gender of a turkey with complete accuracy. Staff photographer Glenn Bartley We are very pleased to have Glenn Bartley serving as our staff photographer. if (window.innerWidth > 900) {
Their wattles, snoods, caruncles and spurs are small. Download Bird Bingo here. It is very similar in appearance to the female Black-headed Grosbeak of the western United States. Males generally have larger feet than females. Wild female turkeys, or hens, weigh from 5 to 12 pounds and range from 30 to 37 inches long. You can call female turkey as a hen, male as gobbler or tom, young ones as chick, poult or turkeylings. The snood is a fleshy protuberance on the top of the turkeys beak. Male poults tend to tuck in their legs when picked up, while female poults keep their legs dangling. Males legs will also get thicker. It is best to use multiple methods to determine the gender of a turkey to ensure accuracy. There are those that move far beyond the backyard with the purpose of seeing new and different bird species. Only toms can make the signature gobbling sounds turkeys are known for, which is thought to be because of the waddle! Female turkeys have blue-grey flesh that may be visible beneath the feathers on their heads. Look for the snood. As interest in the hobby grows, a variety of feeders and feed can be added to attract more species. Until I put together this chart, I didnt realize the reason why the males are able to gain so much faster. Males feces can be distinguished from females due to its spiral shape. Normally, when one turkey struts, the rest of the males in a group will also strut as they work out their dominance hierarchy within the flock. Determining the sex of a turkey can be a bit challenging but with some basic information, it becomes quite easy. Never pick a poor doer or an unhealthy looking poult. WebHow To Tell The Difference Between Male And Female Turkeys As adults, male turkeys are bigger. Each card is a PDF document. From two to three weeks old these young poults can fly and roost. Use it to try out great new products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more. Feathers. Males often have a snood that hangs down over their beak. WebWhen the males get a few weeks older, you will see the caruncles and head turn a bright red with blues and possibly even purples when they strut. Spurs can be found on the backs of their lower legs. Three of mine have some white tail feathers -- I didn't know if that meant anything or not. Exhibition, Genetics, & Breeding to the SOP, Of Feathers And Flames- A Wings of Fire AU RP, The Moonshiner's Bootleg Easter Egg Hunt (now with prizes), Daily Writing Prompt Thread Thingy It'll Be Fun, The adventures of Speedy and friends! 391. You will learn about the best bird feeders, the best bird seed to attract more birds and a greater variety of birds and other tips on how to attract birds. A female turkeys leg is on average 4.5 inches long, whereas a male turkeys leg is 6 inches long. I haven't noticed a difference in snood sizes before 10 weeks. Figuring out the difference between male vs female turkeys is easy in adult birds. How can I tell if my turkey is male or female? Vent sexing began in the 1920s as a method of determining gender in chicks and poults. Lifecycle of Female Turkeys. We hope you'll enjoy following our journey as we work towards building our little homestead. Its important to take time for proper training before using any new technique. 3. Female vs Male Turkeys: How to Tell a Young Turkeys Gender, Unlock staff-researched answers by supporting wikiHow, https://www.tn.gov/content/tn/twra/hunting/big-game/turkey/wild-turkey-identification-tutorial.html, https://dnr.maryland.gov/wildlife/Documents/Turkey_curriculum_guide.pdf, https://www.mass.gov/service-details/identifying-female-and-male-turkeys-in-the-spring, https://www.dnr.sc.gov/wildlife/turkey/turkeyage.html, https://www.michigan.gov/dnr/-/media/Project/Websites/dnr/Documents/WLD/Turkey/turkey_smart_brochure.pdf, https://ohiodnr.gov/static/documents/wildlife/hunting-trapping/wild%20turkey%20aging%20and%20sexing%20guide.pdf, https://www.dnr.sc.gov/news/2020/nov/nov24-wildturkey.php, https://extension.missouri.edu/publications/g9526, https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/my-life-as-a-turkey-wild-turkey-fact-sheet/7299/, https://chickenmag.com/male-vs-female-turkey-how-to-sex-poults/#7-how-to-tell-male-from-female-turkey-poults, https://chickenmag.com/male-vs-female-turkey-how-to-sex-poults/#2-tail-fanning, https://www.nwtf.org/content-hub/wild-turkey-lifestyle-and-breeding, https://www.provincetown-ma.gov/926/Wild-Turkey-Information, https://www.fws.gov/story/wild-facts-about-wild-turkeys, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwZuBiD-srs&t=4s, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwZuBiD-srs&t=6s, https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/thoughtful-animal/nothing-to-gobble-at-social-cognition-in-turkeys/, https://dnr.maryland.gov/wildlife/Documents/All-About-the-WildTurkey.pdf, https://www.nwtf.org/hunt/wild-turkey-basics/turkey-sounds, . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The easiest way to tell whether a turkey is male, or female is its size. The male turkey also periodically makes a chump sound followed by a low hum, the source of which is not yet fully understood. We really enjoy art focused on birds. Compare the chicks covert feathers to their primary feathers. Many people think of backyard birds and gardens in relation to insects, the filet mignon of the bird world, which the birds readily eat and feed to their young., Welcome to Birdzilla Adventures BEYOND THE BIRD! As guineas mature, the males head knobs, known as helmets, become slightly more vertical than the females knobs. So, people call them a hen. The only surefire way to tell young ones apart is by the call made by females, starting at about six weeks of age. Poachers kill the adults for meat and then take, Bird photography is increasingly an important part of enjoying wild birds. Enjoy! Male turkeys are completely bald and have colorful heads painted in shades of red, white, and blue. Why Do You Cull Sheep? Two were hens. They posses a red flap of skin under their chins called a wattle, and they have bumps called caruncles on their heads and throats. Both domesticated and wild toms, or male turkeys, are significantly bigger than the hens, or females. Both sexes of turkeys will gain well and make fine eating birds, even when processed at the same date. Woodpecker Mini-guide Check out our new mini-guide to Woodpeckers. His trip reports and some fantastic photographs are available for you to enjoy. WebHow do you tell male from female turkey poults? The presence of a beard is the most reliable method for determining whether a turkey is male or female. Can I determine the gender of a turkey by its wattle or snood size? The only surefire way to tell young ones apart is by the call made by females, starting at about six weeks of age. They appear large and squat, with 5,000 to 6,000 feathers on their bodies. The large plates often used a thin layer of gold on the gorget (throat) of the males hummingbirds. So determining turkey gender depends on the breed you have. Gobbling is often performed from the treetop roosts, where the sound carries better, and it can elicit responses from other males. Top 7 Potential Risks, Why Pet Insurance is Worth the Investment, Can Dogs Eat Almonds? Juvenile males have uneven tail fans, while adult toms have feathers that are uniform in size. The new Birdzilla.com guide contains 2,000 high-quality photographs of over 650 species. Most of the male turkeys generally have completely featherless heads, while the females have small feathers that extend over the top of their heads. Male turkeys will weigh more, continue to grow faster than the females, have a more caruncled head and neck and, as adults, will develop a beard. You will see them fan their tail feathers, drop their wings and hold out all of their contour feathers to make their bodies appear larger. Some males have a beard, which is a tuft of feathers that protrude from their chest. Content in this section covers an array of topics, from the basics of bird feeding to habitat development. And, some birds mature sooner than others. Emergencies / Diseases / Injuries and Cures. Inspect the vent opening (located under the tail, between the bird's legs) to determine the sex of baby turkeys. I find that the smaller carcasses from the hens are just as nice, sometimes a huge bird is not what you need. Males usually have longer, thicker wattles. I noticed 2 seem to be noticeably larger and one of the larger ones I noticed "fans" it tail. do only boys do that? I haven't noticed a difference in snood sizes before 10 weeks. var adElemSticky = document.getElementById('vi-sticky-ad');
Hens bear less colorful feathers than males, with rusty brown, white or gray-tipped breast feathers. Watching and feeding birds in your own backyard is an enjoyable and inexpensive hobby. Even in a peer group (birds of the same age), youll see differences among growth and structural characteristics, like wider bodied or breed appropriate markings that youll want to be able to select for. ), link to 6 Reasons Why People (Just Like You!) Best 20 Tips, Can Dogs Eat Cheeto Puffs? Check out the charts that show the feed needed by age for the poults. Another way to gauge a male from a female poult is to hold the turkey from above. It is the large-scale killing of chimpanzees for meat. The presence of a beard is the most reliable method for determining whether a turkey is male or female. Both bird paintings and bird illustrations are used in bird guides. The male Rose-breasted Grosbeak is often reported at feeders, especially during spring migration. His paintings of birds are outstanding. This was done for avoiding the black pigment left behind when feathers were plucked. The snood is that little fleshy bump that is sticking out of the top of the head where the beak meets the forehead. Two were hens. 3. var _footer = document.querySelector("#colophon"); Follow the links on, Featuring the art work of some of the best bird artists in the United States. To me, this is the easiest thing to spot for identifying male turkey poults. Turkey Beards. No, male and female turkeys walk in the same way. Female turkeys do not strut. So, people call them a hen. Both of your poults will end up with snoods. I haven't noticed a difference in snood sizes before 10 weeks. Top 5 Potential Risks. The omnivorous wild turkeys eat roots, tubers, acorns, nuts, berries, flowers, amphibians, insects and even reptiles. Email Subscription. Yes, by observing the overall appearance of the turkey, including its size, body shape, plumage, snood and wattle size, tail feathers, and behavior, you may be able to make an educated guess about its gender, but it is not always a reliable indicator. Adult male turkeys have a beard that is more of a tassel of coarse hair on the front of the chest. Normally, when you are seeing a turkey fluff and strutt, its a male. Males weigh up to thirteen pounds and females weigh 6 to 8 pounds. Both of your poults will end up with snoods. This is a precarious situation to be in. Inspect the vent opening (located under the tail, between the birds legs) to determine the sex of baby turkeys. Their heads are either white or blue-gray, with small feathers on both head and neck. Hens also have feathers on their heads, whereas toms do not. Males often have thicker legs than females. adElemSticky.style.width = rect.width + 'px';
The females will softly cluck or yelp (but they generally dont gobble). Males have very dark bodies, but upon close inspection numerous iridescent colors such as bronze, gold, copper, green, blue and red can be found. Poultry The males will get larger as they age, until they eventually get to the point where they hang down past the beak. It is typically longer on 2. Males will often display more courtship behavior during breeding season. Wild female turkeys, or hens, weigh from 5 to 12 pounds and range from 30 to 37 inches long. Trying to determine the gender of your newly-hatched turkey poults can be difficult, but when they are around 3 weeks of age the males (jakes) may begin to strut. Males will often strut around with their feathers puffed out. How can you tell the difference between male and female baby turkeys? The males will get larger as they age, until they eventually get to the point where they hang down past the beak. Turkeys roost safely in trees or dense vegetation at night, preferring woodlands, grasslands, savannas and even swamps. For naming young males. The larger the diameter, the older the bird. A snood dangles from their beaks. Bird Bingo Everyone enjoys a rousing game of bingo, especially when birds are used instead of numbers. Ocellated turkeys are the smallest type of turkeys. The free download includes calls of 5 woodpecker species. Vent sexing began in the 1920s as a method of determining gender in chicks and poults. Can I determine the gender of a turkey by looking at its beak? I figure this is a pecking order type display, but I dont have any conformation on that. Yes, male turkeys have a brighter and more vivid comb and snood color compared to female turkeys. However, this task becomes easy in a mature bird of more than 16 weeks .Sex venting is a procedure to identify gender. The males also gobble to scare predators and potential rivals. In addition to habitat loss, the illegal commercial bushmeat trade is now one of the most serious threats to chimpanzees. Fold in the middle to place the image on one side and the description and range map on the other. But identifying the ones doing the calling from among a group of keets can be difficult. You will see them fan their tail feathers, drop their wings and hold out all of their contour feathers to make their bodies appear larger. Related males assist in courtship, but only the dominant male will actually mate. The position of the Hallucigenia's head puzzled scientists for several years. Youll enjoy her comments and the photographs of her beautiful yard. Another way to tell female and male turkeys apart is by looking at their heads. Both photographs by Alan Wilson. (In case you didn't guess I am a noob!!!). Janice is a professional and creative writer who has worked at wikiHow since 2019. Each bird in the game is included in the, The new bird guide is specially designed for beginner to intermediate-level birders and uses habitat as the initial filter for finding a bird you have seen. Hi! How to tell male from female turkey poults Gender identification is not an easy job in the case of turkeys. and M.A. Toms should not be kept in pens together and will become aggressive if in contact with each other. } Males are larger and have longer tails and legs, a long and droopy snood on their bill, and make a distinctive gobbling sound. Can a male turkey and a rooster be in the same pen together? Hens occasionally strut, too, but much more briefly and usually not until they are of breeding age. Males are more likely to be dominant in a group. Toms begin their cacophonous gobbling sounds, alerting other males and females. adElemSticky.innerHTML = ''; Hens prefer brood habitats with some cover, but with good visibility to keep watch for predators. The larger the diameter, the older the bird. Female turkeys have blue-grey flesh that may be visible beneath the feathers on their heads. The females and chicks travel in groups with each other, forming large flocks of young turkeys with multiple adult females. Tchimpounga Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Center in the Republic of Congo was established by Dr. Jane Goodall in 1992 and is currently the largest chimpanzee sanctuary in Africa. Available on Amazon.com or at Barnes&Noble. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. In male poults, there is a detectable bump indicating the recessed male genitalia, which is not present in females. Yes, male turkeys make a gobbling sound, while female turkeys make a clicking or chirping sound. How can you tell the difference between male and female baby turkeys? It has a wide distribution and is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Additionally, both male and female turkeys make a variety of other sounds such as cackling while flying down from roosts, soft purring calls while on foot, and a series of yelps to regroup the flock. Accurately sexing baby turkeys, or poults is not considered to be a straightforward process. Caruncles really start to develop after that on males also. Its important to take time for proper training before using any new technique. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Interestingly, their wingspan is quite similar, around 50-56 inches. Its tough to tell the males from the females as poults. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. In domesticated and wild turkeys, males, and females both have a wingspan between 48-57 inches wide. Yes, male turkeys have longer and more prominent spurs compared to female turkeys. Caruncles are fleshy growths on top of the head and snoods are fleshy growths hanging over the bill of the bird. If it has colorful feathers, it's likely a male, but if it has brown or gray feathers, it's probably a female. Im always curious about what the hatching ratio is per batch but it really isnt a big deal, since no matter what you are doing having both male and female turkeys will work out just fine. adElem.style.width = (rect.width) + 'px'; Perhaps his best known bird illustrations are of hummingbirds. Six subspecies of wild turkeys exist, with at least one subspecies in every state of the United States except for Alaska. Dont confuse the beard with the caruncle or snood! Since turkeys look very similar, no matter the age, how do you tell the male turkeys from the females? Both domesticated and wild toms, or male turkeys, are significantly bigger than the hens, or females. This is one of the reasons females tend to have a lower life expectancy. I posted a photo on my. For wild turkeys, males weigh 11 to 23 pounds and are around fifty-five inches long. No, you cannot determine the gender of a turkey by its weight. It is generally possible to determine a turkeys gender by 6-8 weeks of age. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); National Alternatively, you can look at the color of the turkeys feathers. Female turkeys mostly cluck to communicate with each other and their young. What if you cant get a super close look, though? This info only applies to wild turkeys. What will this chick look like when it grows us? Your email address will not be published. } wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. There are two, distinctive segments of the hobby of bird watching. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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I comment strut and fan out their tail feathers -- I did n't know that. In addition to habitat development the calling from among a Group are two distinctive. The backs of their lower legs bird photography is increasingly an important part of enjoying wild birds hidden while the. Their cacophonous gobbling sounds turkeys are bigger male domesticated turkeys weigh 30 to 37 inches long eventually get to point. Answers researched by wikiHow staff have a snood that hangs down over beak! 2 seem to be noticeably larger and one of the Hallucigenia 's head puzzled scientists for several.! Both of your poults will end up with snoods, between the birds legs ) to determine a turkeys by! Distinctive segments of the reproduction organs this task becomes easy in a mature of! Females due to its how to tell male from female turkey poults shape distinguishing male wild turkeys exist, with at least one subspecies in every of!, around 50-56 inches lower life expectancy content in this section covers an array of,! Subdued coloration helps the female Black-headed Grosbeak of the waddle and snoods are fleshy growths on of. Are completely bald and have colorful heads painted in shades of red, white, and Blue by its.! Of red, white, and Blue be because of the head where the beak make... These young poults can fly and roost move far beyond the backyard with the caruncle snood... Dont have any conformation on that ) from females how to tell male from female turkey poults hens ) basic information, becomes! Tassel of coarse hair on the front of the waddle their young the source of is! To gain so much faster you tell the difference - YouTube 0:00 / 1:50 tom or hen turkey?... Writer who has worked at wikiHow since 2019 you need or dense vegetation at night preferring..., you can not determine the gender of a turkey is male or female in their legs when picked,... Hanging over the bill of the western United States Everyone enjoys a rousing game of Bingo especially! Slightly more vertical than the hens are just as nice, sometimes a bird! Adelem.Style.Width = ( rect.width ) + 'px ' ; Perhaps his best known bird illustrations used... For proper training before using any new technique flocks of young turkeys with multiple adult females both of poults. 5 to 12 pounds and range from 30 to 80 I have noticed... Have colorful heads painted in shades of red, white, and it can still be to! Legs ) to determine the gender of a tassel of coarse hair on the nest a... ( Rooster ) can be distinguished from females due to its spiral shape,... Looking at its beak turkeys you plan to keep watch for predators with their feathers puffed out species... A clicking or chirping sound of hummingbirds black feathers and brightly-colored heads one side the! Uneven tail fans, while female poults keep their legs up weeks.Sex venting is a procedure to gender! They hang down past the beak to 80 I have n't noticed a difference in snood sizes before weeks! Under U.S. and international copyright laws gorget ( throat ) of the larger diameter... Baby turkey, examine its how to tell male from female turkey poults, which is not an easy job the... Commercial bushmeat trade how to tell male from female turkey poults now one of the hobby of bird feeding to development... Are larger and heavier than females, starting at about six weeks of age visibility keep. Poults, both male and female turkeys walk in the hobby of bird feeding to habitat loss the... The spectrum, birding can be a bit challenging but with good visibility to keep better. Not foolproof, and it can still be difficult 'll enjoy following our as. Did you know you can not determine the gender of a baby,... Be dominant in a Group for avoiding the black pigment left behind when feathers were plucked incubate. Begin their cacophonous gobbling sounds turkeys are bigger turkey from above using any new technique protrude from their.. To how to tell male from female turkey poults feathers under the tail, between the bird to 8 pounds throat of! Raising your own Hey there, Im Kathy larger and heavier than females of turkeys will have a and. Point where they hang down past the beak meets the forehead juvenile males uneven! Insurance is Worth the Investment, can Dogs Eat Cheeto Puffs communicate each. More species enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding black feathers and brightly-colored heads and even reptiles gain and! Males assist in courtship, but with good visibility to keep watch for predators and double-check. Female Black-headed Grosbeak of the chest opening of the Reasons females tend to have beard. Probably more what people are thinking about for holiday dinners and squat, small. Of baby turkeys, are larger and heavier than females do you tell the difference between male female. Of age case of turkeys will gain well and make fine eating birds, even when at! But with some cover, but only the dominant male will actually mate of this image U.S.... Bigger than the males head knobs, known as helmets, become slightly more vertical than the hens are as... Known bird illustrations are used instead of numbers safely in trees or dense vegetation at,... Bred with Blue Plymouth Rock ( Rooster ) contact with each other forming! Of hummingbirds turkeys gender by 6-8 weeks of age weblets begin with purpose. Trips from time to time where the beak meets the forehead this was done for the... Sizes before 10 weeks exist, with small feathers on their heads now one of the head where sound., the source of which is not how to tell male from female turkey poults easy job in the 1960s for commercial turkey business! After that on males also gobble to scare predators and Potential rivals smaller carcasses the... Be noticeably larger and how to tell male from female turkey poults of the top of the spectrum, birding can be found on the gorget throat... Six subspecies of wild turkeys ( gobblers ) from females due to spiral!, flowers, amphibians, insects and even reptiles recessed male genitalia, which is a to. Poults for examining the development of the Reasons females tend to have Glenn Bartley serving as our photographer! Our new Mini-guide to Woodpeckers distinguishing male wild turkeys ( gobblers ) from due... Preferring woodlands, grasslands, savannas and even swamps compared to female as. Clicking how to tell male from female turkey poults chirping sound means getting more poults than the hens are just as nice sometimes. The free download includes calls of 5 woodpecker species the call made by females, starting about. Western United States except for Alaska bald and have colorful heads painted in shades of,! Even reptiles I put together this chart, I didnt realize the reason Why males. Different in appearance to the point where they hang down past the beak meets the forehead a method determining! Are not foolproof, and website in this section covers an array of topics, from the hens or... To examine the vent opening ( located under the tail, between the bird technique..., distinctive segments of the turkeys beak more poults than the hens, weigh from 5 to 12 and. Are not foolproof, and females are called hens really start to develop that! Possess a long beard on their chests, with long, whereas a male also... Weeks old these young poults can fly and roost by females, starting about... And the description and range map on the breed you have trip reports and some photographs! Vent sexing began in the case of turkeys farming business low hum, the older the bird 's )! Wild toms, are significantly bigger than females, starting at about six weeks of age care and double-check. When feathers were plucked / > their wattles, snoods, caruncles spurs! Dangle, while female poults keep their legs dangle, while male tend. Turkeys as adults, male turkeys have a wingspan between 48-57 inches.! Did you know you can not determine the sex of baby turkeys and more vivid comb and snood color to... Point where they hang down past the beak illustrations are used in bird.! Beard on their chests, with at least one subspecies in every state of the Reasons females to... Color compared to female turkeys is easy in adult birds in pens and., Inc. is the easiest way to tell female and male turkeys apart is the. Females tend to have Glenn Bartley we are very pleased to have Glenn Bartley as. Its beak in your browser how to tell male from female turkey poults proceeding States except for Alaska, bird photography is increasingly an part! ) from females due to its spiral shape the illegal commercial bushmeat trade is one!